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  <!-- xml2rfc v2v3 conversion 2.35.0 -->
  <front>
    <title abbrev="MAMS">Multi&nbhy;Access Management Services (MAMS)</title>
    <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="0000"/>
    <!-- [rfced] We see that the title of this document is
"Multiple Access Management Services," but we also see
"Multi Access Management Services (MAMS)" in Section 1 and
"Multiple Access Management Services(MAMS)" in Section 5.
We also see both forms used in draft-zhu-intarea-mams-user-protocol.

We also see (for example) "MAMS leverages technologies ..."
(Section 10) (where "MAMS" is used in the singular).

(Please also note that draft-zhu-intarea-mams-user-protocol also uses
both the singular form "Management Service" and the plural form
"Management Services.")

Please let us know whether you prefer "Multiple Access" or
"Multi Access."  If you prefer the latter, we suggest
hyphenating it ("Multi-Access").

Original:
 Multiple Access Management Services
...
 Multi Access Management Services (MAMS) is a programmable framework
...
 This document proposes the Multiple Access Management Services(MAMS)
-->
    <!-- [author1]

Prefer using "Multi-Access". Changes done.

Also changed: "MAMS leverages technologies ..." to "The MAMS framework leverages technologies ..."
I.e., dodged the singular/plural issue.

-->
    <author fullname="Satish Kanugovi" initials="S." surname="Kanugovi">
      <organization>Nokia Bell Labs</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street></street>
          <city></city>
          <street/>
          <city/>
          <region/>
          <code></code>
          <country></country>
          <code/>
          <country/>
        </postal>
        <email>satish.k@nokia-bell-labs.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <!-- [author1] Updated Email Address and Affiliation per internal company re-organization -->
    <author fullname="Florin Baboescu" initials="F." surname="Baboescu">
      <organization>Broadcom</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street></street>
          <city></city>
          <street/>
          <city/>
          <region/>
          <code/>
          <country></country>
          <country/>
        </postal>
        <email>florin.baboescu@broadcom.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Jing Zhu" initials="J." surname="Zhu">
      <organization>Intel</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street></street>
          <city></city>
          <street/>
          <city/>
          <region/>
          <code/>
          <country></country>
          <country/>
        </postal>
        <email>jing.z.zhu@intel.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Julius Mueller" initials="J." surname="Mueller">
      <organization>AT&amp;T</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street></street>
          <city></city>
          <street/>
          <city/>
          <region/>
          <code/>
          <country></country>
          <country/>
        </postal>
        <email>jm169k@att.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <author fullname="SungHoon Seo" initials="S." surname="Seo">
      <organization>Korea Telecom</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street></street>
          <city></city>
          <street/>
          <city/>
          <region/>
          <code/>
          <country></country>
          <country/>
        </postal>
        <email>sh.seo@kt.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <date month="October" month="November" year="2019"/>
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Please insert any keywords (beyond those that appear in
the title) for use on https://www.rfc-editor.org/search. -->
    <keyword>Integration, Aggregation, Switching, MPTCP, MPQUIC, GMA, 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Edge, Proxy</keyword>
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] The alignment of several figures in the original
document was bad (for example, the top portions of Figures 16 and 18,
and the bottom portion of Figure 21)).

The line lengths in several figures were too long as well (i.e.,
greater than 72 characters; one was as long as 138 characters).
We corrected the bad alignments and narrowed the figures that were
too wide.  (For example, we found that in the figure in
Appendix C.3.2 each indent level was 8 spaces; we changed the indent
levels to 4 spaces each.)

Note:  Even after reducing the indent levels in the figure in
Appendix C.3.2, we still had several lines that were too long for a
published RFC:  We broke these lines per other parts of the code
(e.g., the "meas_report_conf" portion.

Warning: Output line (from source around line 4344) is 74 characters; longer
than 72.  Excess characters: '},':
  '            "remote_addr_mask" : { "$ref" : "#definitions/ip_addr_mask" },'

Warning: Output line (from source around line 4345) is 74 characters; longer
than 72.  Excess characters: '},':
  '            "local_addr_mask" : {  "$ref" : "#definitions/ip_addr_mask" },'

Warning: Output line (from source around line 4351) is 73 characters; longer
than 72.  Excess characters: ',':
  '            "local_port_range" : {  "$ref" : "#definitions/port_range" },'

Warning: Output line (from source around line 4352) is 73 characters; longer
than 72.  Excess characters: ',':
  '            "remote_port_range" : { "$ref" : "#definitions/port_range" },'

Because of this issue, we suggest, at the very least, adding the
following text (perhaps to the beginning of Appendix C.3 of this
document), as was done in RFC 8620 ("The JSON Meta Application
Protocol (JMAP)"):

   For compatibility with publishing requirements, line breaks have been
   inserted inside long JSON strings, with the following continuation
   lines indented.

("the following continuation lines" appears to mean "continuation
  lines that follow")

If the following sentence is also applicable to this document
(i.e., if an implementer would have to replace line breaks with
spaces if using the code in Appendix C.3.2), we suggest including
this sentence as well:

   To form the valid JSON example, any line breaks
   inside a string must be replaced with a space and any other white
   space after the line break removed.
-->
    <!-- [author1]: Thanks for the guidance. It may be more appropriate to add the text in the "Notation" section (section C.1.1).
              Added both the lines in Section C.1.1.1.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48]
Please review all of the figures carefully, and let us know if
anything is incorrect.
-->
    <!-- [author 1]: OK. Thanks for the fixes.
We have made a number of edits to the figures.
-->
    <abstract>
      <t>In multiconnectivity scenarios, the end-user devices can
   simultaneously connect to multiple networks based on different access
   technologies and network architectures like Wi-Fi, LTE, and DSL.  Both the
   quality of experience of the users and the overall network
   utilization and efficiency may be improved through the smart
   selection and combination of access and core network paths that can
   dynamically adapt to changing network conditions.</t>
      <t>This document presents a unified problem statement and introduces a
   solution for managing multiconnectivity.  The solution has been
   developed by the authors based on their experiences in multiple
   standards bodies, including the IETF and the 3GPP.  However, this document
   is not an Internet Standards Track specification, and it does not represent
   the consensus opinion of the IETF.</t>
      <t>This document describes requirements, solution principles, and the
   architecture of the Multi&nbhy;Access Management Services (MAMS) framework.
   The MAMS framework aims to provide best performance while being easy to implement
   in a wide variety of multiconnectivity deployments.  It specifies the protocol for
   (1) flexibly selecting the best combination of access and core network
   paths for the uplink and downlink, and (2) determining the user-plane
   treatment (e.g., tunneling, encryption) and traffic distribution over
   the selected links, to ensure network efficiency and the best possible
   application performance.</t>
      <!-- [rfced] Abstract:  Please clarify the meaning of "the protocol
multi-access management"; are some words missing?

Original:
 It
 specifies the protocol multi-access management to: 1) flexibly select
 the best combination of access and core network paths for uplink and
 downlink; as well as 2) determine the user plane treatment and
 traffic distribution over the selected links ensuring network
 efficiency and application performance.
-->
      <!-- [author1] Fixed.
-->
      <!-- [rfced] Abstract and subsequent.  We are not able to determine
what "treatment" means in the context of this document.  Will this
term be clear to readers?

For example:
 It
 specifies the protocol multi-access management to: 1) flexibly select
 the best combination of access and core network paths for uplink and
 downlink; as well as 2) determine the user plane treatment and
 traffic distribution over the selected links ensuring network
 efficiency and application performance.
...
 It leverages network intelligence and policies to dynamically adapt
 traffic distribution across selected paths and user plane treatment
 to changing network/link conditions.
...
 "Network Connection manager"(NCM): A functional entity in the network
 that handles MAMS control messages from the client and configures
 distribution of data packets over the multiple available access and
 core network paths, and user plane treatment of the traffic flows. -->
      <!-- [author1]
User-plane treatment implies, the processing, to address aspects, specific to the network connection. E.g., encryption needed for transport over Wi-Fi, tunnelling needed to overcome NAT between client and multipath proxy.

This has now been clarified in the abstract. And there is also some rework in the other sections that use "treatments", later.
-->
    </abstract>
  </front>
  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Introduction</name>
      <t>Multi-Access Management Services (MAMS) is a programmable framework that
     provides mechanisms for the flexible selection of network paths in a
     multi&nbhy;access communication environment, based on the application&apos;s application's needs.
     The MAMS framework leverages network intelligence and policies to dynamically adapt traffic
     distribution across selected paths and user&nbhy;plane treatments (e.g., encryption needed
     for transport over Wi-Fi, or tunnelling needed to overcome a NAT between client and multipath
     proxy) to changing network/link conditions.  The network path selection and configuration
     messages are carried as user&nbhy;plane data between the functional elements
     in the network and the end&nbhy;user device, and thus without any impact on
     the control&nbhy;plane signaling schemes of the underlying access networks.
     For example, in a multi-access network with LTE and Wi&nbhy;Fi
     technologies, existing LTE and Wi&nbhy;Fi signaling procedures will
     be used to set up the LTE and Wi&nbhy;Fi connections, respectively, and
     MAMS-specific control&nbhy;plane messages are carried as LTE or Wi&nbhy;Fi
     user&nbhy;plane data.  The MAMS framework defined in this document provides the
     capability to make a smart selection of a flexible combination of access paths and
     core network paths, as well as to choose the user&nbhy;plane treatment when the traffic
     is distributed across the selected paths.  Thus, it is a broad programmable
     framework that provides functions beyond the simple sharing of network
     policies such as those provided by the Access Network Discovery and Selection
     Function (ANDSF) <xref target="ANDSF"/>, target="ANDSF" format="default"/>, which offers policies and rules for
     assisting 3GPP devices to discover and select available access networks.
     Further, it allows the choice and configuration of user&nbhy;plane treatment
     for the traffic over the paths, depending on the application&apos;s application's needs.</t>
      <t>The MAMS framework mechanisms are not dependent on any specific access
     network types or user&nbhy;plane protocols (e.g., TCP, UDP, Generic Routing
     Encapsulation (GRE) <xref target="RFC2784"/> target="RFC2784" format="default"/> <xref target="RFC2890"/>, target="RFC2890" format="default"/>,
     Multipath TCP (MPTCP) <xref target="RFC6824"/>). target="RFC6824" format="default"/>).  The MAMS framework coexists and complements
     the existing protocols by providing a way to negotiate and configure those
     protocols to match their use to a given multi&nbhy;access scenario based on client
     and network capabilities, and the specific needs of each access network path.
     Further, the MAMS framework allows load balancing of the traffic flows across the selected
     access network paths, and the exchange of network state information to be used for
     network intelligence to optimize the performance of such protocols.</t>
      <!-- [rfced] Section 1:  To what does "it" refer in these sentences -
the MAMS mechanisms, or something else?
-->
      <!-- [author1]: It refers to "MAMS framework" - updated the text.

Also, please clarify "capabilities per access basis."
-->
      <!-- [author1]: Rephrased for clarification: "... capabilities, and specific needs of each access network path,..."
-->
      <t>This document presents the requirements, solution principles,
     functional architecture, and protocols for realizing the MAMS
     framework.  An important goal for the MAMS framework is to ensure that it requires
     either minimum dependency or (better) no dependency on the actual access
     technologies of the participating links, beyond the fact that MAMS
     functional elements form an IP overlay across the multiple paths.
     This allows the scheme to be "future proof" by allowing independent
     technology evolution of the existing access and core networks as well
     as seamless integration of new access technologies.</t>
      <t>The solution described in this document has been developed by the
     authors, based on their experiences in multiple standards bodies,
     including the IETF and the 3GPP.  However, this document is not an
     Internet Standards Track specification, and it does not represent
     the consensus opinion of the IETF.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Terminology"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Terminology</name>
      <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL",
     "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",
     "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document
     are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14
     <xref target="RFC2119"/> target="RFC2119" format="default"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/> target="RFC8174" format="default"/> when,
     and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t>

  <t><list style="hanging">
    <t hangText="Client:">An
      <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
        <dt>Client:</dt>
        <dd>An end-user device that supports connections with
    multiple access nodes, possibly over different access technologies.</t>

    <t hangText="Multiconnectivity Client:">A technologies.</dd>
        <dt>Multiconnectivity Client:</dt>
        <dd>A client with multiple network
    connections.</t>

    <t hangText="Access Network:">The
    connections.</dd>
        <dt>Access Network:</dt>
        <dd>The segment in the network that delivers user
    data packets to the client via an access link such as a Wi&nbhy;Fi airlink,
    an LTE airlink, or DSL.</t>

    <t hangText="Core:">The DSL.</dd>
        <dt>Core:</dt>
        <dd>The functional element that anchors the client IP
    address used for communication with applications via the network.</t>

    <t hangText="Network network.</dd>
        <dt>Network Connection Manager (NCM):">A (NCM):</dt>
        <dd>A functional entity in the
    network that handles MAMS control messages from the client and configures
    the distribution of data packets over the available access and core
    network paths, and manages the user&nbhy;plane treatment (e.g., tunneling,
    encryption) of the traffic flows.</t>

    <t hangText="Client flows.</dd>
        <dt>Client Connection Manager (CCM):">A (CCM):</dt>
        <dd>A functional entity in the
    client that exchanges MAMS signaling messages with the NCM, and which configures
    the network paths at the client for the transport of user data.</t>

    <t hangText="Network data.</dd>
        <dt>Network Multi-Access Data Proxy (N-MADP):">A (N-MADP):</dt>
        <dd>A functional entity
    in the network that handles the forwarding of user data traffic across
    multiple network paths.  The N-MADP is responsible for MAMS&nbhy;related
    user&nbhy;plane functionalities in the network.</t>

    <t hangText="Client network.</dd>
        <dt>Client Multi-Access Data Proxy (C-MADP):">A (C-MADP):</dt>
        <dd>A functional entity
    in the client that handles the forwarding of user data traffic across
    multiple network paths.  The C-MADP is responsible for MAMS&nbhy;related
    user&nbhy;plane functionalities in the client.</t>

    <t hangText="Anchor Connection:">Refers client.</dd>
        <dt>Anchor Connection:</dt>
        <dd>Refers to the network path from the N-MADP
    to the user&nbhy;plane gateway (IP anchor) that has assigned an IP address
    to the client.</t>

    <t hangText="Delivery Connection:">Refers client.</dd>
        <dt>Delivery Connection:</dt>
        <dd>Refers to the network path from the
    N-MADP to the client.</t>

    <t hangText="Uplink client.</dd>
        <dt>Uplink (also referred to as &quot;UL&quot; "UL" in this document):">Refers document):</dt>
        <dd>Refers to the direction of a connection
    from a client toward the network.</t>

    <t hangText="Downlink network.</dd>
        <dt>Downlink (also referred to as &quot;DL&quot; "DL" in this document):">Refers document):</dt>
        <dd>Refers to the direction of a connection
    from the network toward a client.</t>
  </list></t> client.</dd>
      </dl>
    </section>
    <section title="Problem Statement"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Problem Statement</name>
      <t>Typically, an end-user device has access to multiple communication
     networks based on different technologies for accessing application services,
     for example, LTE, Wi&nbhy;Fi, DSL, or MulteFire.  Different technologies
     exhibit benefits and limitations in different scenarios.  For example,
     Wi&nbhy;Fi provides high throughput for end users when their Wi&nbhy;Fi
     coverage is good, but the throughput degrades significantly as a given user
     moves closer to the edge of its of Wi&nbhy;Fi coverage area (typically in
     the range of a few tens of meters) or if the user population is large (due
     to a contention-based Wi&nbhy;Fi access scheme).  In LTE networks, the
     capacity is often constrained by the limited availability of licensed
     spectrum.  However, the quality of the service is predictable even in
     multi&nbhy;user scenarios, due to controlled scheduling and
     licensed-spectrum usage.</t>
      <t>Additionally, the use of a particular access network path is often
     coupled with the use of its associated core network and the services that
     are offered by that network.  For example, in an enterprise that has deployed both
     Wi&nbhy;Fi and LTE networks, the enterprise services, such as printers and
     corporate audio/video conferencing, are accessible only via Wi&nbhy;Fi
     access connected to the enterprise-hosted (Wi&nbhy;Fi) core, whereas the
     LTE access can be used to get operator services, including access to the
     public Internet.</t>
      <!-- [rfced] Section 3:  This sentence did not parse.  We updated it
as listed below.  Please let us know if this is incorrect.

Original:
 For example, in an enterprise that has
 deployed both WiFi and LTE networks, the enterprise services, like
 printers, Corporate Audio and Video conferencing, are accessible only
 via WiFi access connected to the enterprise hosted (WiFi) core,
 whereas the LTE access can be used to get operator core anchored
 services including access to public Internet.

Currently:
 For example, in an enterprise that has
 deployed both Wi-Fi and LTE networks, the enterprise services, such
 as printers and corporate audio/video conferencing, are accessible
 only via Wi-Fi access connected to the enterprise-hosted (Wi-Fi)
 core, whereas the LTE access can be used to get core services
 anchored by the operator, including access to the public Internet.
 -->
      <!-- [author1] Accepted the suggested changes with minor modifications -
  "... the LTE access can be used to get operator services.."
 -->
      <t>Thus, application performance in different scenarios becomes
     dependent on the choice of access networks (e.g., Wi&nbhy;Fi, LTE) and
     the network and transport protocols used (e.g., VPN, MPTCP, GRE).
     Therefore, to achieve the best possible application performance in a wide
     range of scenarios, a framework is needed that allows the selection and
     flexible combination of access and core network paths as well as the
     protocols used for uplink and downlink data delivery.</t>
      <t>For example, in uncongested scenarios and when the user&apos;s user's Wi&nbhy;Fi
     coverage is good, to ensure best performance for enterprise applications
     at all times, it would be beneficial to use Wi&nbhy;Fi access for both
     the uplink and downlink for connecting to enterprise applications.
     However, in congested scenarios or when the user is getting close to
     the edge of its Wi&nbhy;Fi coverage area, the use of Wi&nbhy;Fi in the
     uplink by multiple users can lead to degraded capacity and increased delays
     due to contention.  In this case, it would be beneficial to at least use
     the LTE access for increased uplink coverage, while Wi&nbhy;Fi may still
     continue to be used for the downlink.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Requirements"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Requirements</name>
      <t>The requirements set out in this section define the behavior of the MAMS
     mechanism and the related functional elements.</t>
      <section title="Access-Technology-Agnostic Interworking"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Access-Technology-Agnostic Interworking</name>
        <t>The access nodes MAY use different technology types (LTE, Wi&nbhy;Fi, etc.).
       The framework, however, MUST be agnostic about the type of underlying
       technology used by the access network.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Support numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Support for Common Transport Deployments"> Deployments</name>
        <t>The network path selection and user data distribution MUST work
       transparently across various transport deployments that include
       end&nbhy;to&nbhy;end IPsec, VPNs, and middleboxes like NATs and proxies.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Independent numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Independent Access Path Selection for Uplink and Downlink"> Downlink</name>
        <t>A client SHOULD be able to transmit on the uplink and receive on the
       downlink, using one or more access networks.  The selections of the access
       paths for the uplink and downlink SHOULD happen independently.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Core numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Core Selection Independent of Uplink and Downlink Access"> Access</name>
        <t>A client SHOULD flexibly select the core independently of the access paths
       used to reach the core, depending on the application&apos;s application's needs, local policies,
       and the result of MAMS control&nbhy;plane negotiation.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Adaptive numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Adaptive Access Network Path Selection"> Selection</name>
        <t>The framework MUST have the ability to determine the
       quality of each of the network paths, e.g., access link delay and
       capacity.  This information regarding network path quality needs to be
       considered in the logic for the selection of the combination of network
       paths to be used for transporting user data.  The path selection algorithm
       can use the information regarding network path quality, in addition to
       other considerations like network policies, for optimizing network usage
       and enhancing the Quality of Experience (QoE) delivered to the user.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Multipath numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Multipath Support and Aggregation of Access Link Capacities"> Capacities</name>
        <t>The framework MUST support the distribution and aggregation of user data
       across multiple network paths at the IP layer.  The client SHOULD be able to
       leverage the combined capacity of the multiple network connections by
       enabling the simultaneous transport of user data over multiple network
       paths.  If required, packet reordering needs to be done at the receiver.  The
       framework MUST allow the flexibility to choose the flow&nbhy;steering and
       aggregation protocols based on capabilities supported by the client and the
       network user&nbhy;plane entities.  The multiconnection aggregation solution
       MUST support existing transport and network&nbhy;layer protocols like TCP,
       UDP, and GRE.  The framework MUST allow the use and configuration of existing
       aggregation protocols such as MPTCP and the Stream Control Transmission
       Protocol (SCTP) <xref target="RFC4960"/>.</t> target="RFC4960" format="default"/>.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Scalable numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Scalable Mechanism Based on User-Plane Interworking"> Interworking</name>
        <t>The framework MUST leverage commonly available transport, routing, and
       tunneling capabilities to provide user&nbhy;plane interworking
       functionality.  The addition of functional elements in the user&nbhy;plane
       path between the client and the network MUST NOT impact the
       access&nbhy;technology-specific procedures.

<!-- [rfced-auth48] Authors and *[ISE]:  Sections 4.7 and 4.9:
Should these instances of "MUST not" be "MUST NOT" or "must not"?

Original:
 The addition of functional elements in the user plane
 path between the client and the network MUST not impact the access
 technology specific procedures.
...
 The
 framework MUST not cause any packet loss beyond that of access
 network mobility functions may cause. -->

<!-- [author1]: changed to "MUST NOT"
-->

       This makes the solution easy to
       deploy and scale when different networks are added and removed.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Separate numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Separate Control-Plane and User-Plane Functions"> Functions</name>
        <t>The client MUST use the control-plane protocol to negotiate the
       following with the network: (1) the choice of access and core
       network paths for both the uplink and downlink, and (2) the
       user&nbhy;plane protocol treatment.

<!-- [rfced] Section 4.8:  We had trouble parsing this sentence.
If the suggested text is not correct, please clarify what is being
negotiated.

Original:
 The client MUST use the control plane protocol to negotiate with the
 network, the choice of access and core network paths for both uplink
 and downlink, as well as the user plane protocol treatment.

Suggested:
 The client MUST use the control-plane protocol to negotiate the
 following with the network: (1) the choice of access and core
 network paths for both the uplink and downlink and (2) the
 user-plane protocol treatment.
-->

<!-- [author1]: Updated text per the Suggestion for clarity.
-->

       The control plane
       MUST configure the actual user&nbhy;plane data distribution function per this
       negotiation.  A common control protocol SHOULD allow the creation of multiple
       user&nbhy;plane function instances with potentially different user&nbhy;plane
       (e.g., tunneling) protocol types.  This enables maintaining a clear separation
       between the control&nbhy;plane and user&nbhy;plane functions, allowing the
       framework to be scalable and extensible, e.g., using Software Defined Networking (SDN)&nbhy;based
       architectures and implementations.</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Sections 4.8 and subsequent:  For ease of the reader,
please let us know how the following terms should be expanded where
first used in this document:

 SDN (Section 4.8)
 MCC/MNC (Section 8.1)
 PDU (Figure 3)
 ECGI (Section 8.3.2)
 SSID (Section 8.5)
 CNF (Section 8.5)
 eNB (Section 8.6)
 BSSID/HESSID (Section 8.9)
 RSRP (Section 8.10) (e.g., "sending RSRP of")
 SA ("IPsec SAs") (Section 10)
 TFT (Figure 19 in Section 11)
-->
        <!-- [author1] Ok. Updated text with expansions where first used in text.
-->
        <!-- [rfced] UCM* (Appendix A)
  * (Note:  We only see "UCM" used once in this document.
     Should it be "CCM"?)
-->
        <!-- [author1] UCM is a typo - it should indeed be CCM. Fixed.
-->
        <!-- [rfced] Also, is the "UP" in "MX UP" an abbreviation for something?
If so, what does it stand for?  (Perhaps "uplink," in which case
maybe "UL" could be used instead?)
-->
        <!-- [author1] UP is abbreviation for user-plane. Expanded at first occurence in Section 8.5.
-->
      </section>
      <section title="Lossless numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Lossless Path (Connection) Switching"> Switching</name>
        <t>When switching data traffic from one path (connection) to another, packets
       may be lost or delivered out of order; this will have negative impact on the
       performance of higher&nbhy;layer protocols, e.g., TCP.  The framework SHOULD
       provide the necessary mechanisms to ensure in&nbhy;order delivery at the
       receiver, e.g., during path switching.  The framework MUST NOT cause any packet
       loss beyond losses that access network mobility functions may cause.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Concatenation numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Concatenation and Fragmentation for Adaptation to MTU Differences"> Differences</name>
        <t>Different network paths may have different security and middlebox
       (e.g., NAT) configurations.  These configurations will lead to the use of
       different tunneling protocols for the transport of data between the network
       user&nbhy;plane function and the client.  As a result, different effective
       payload sizes per network path are possible (e.g., due to variable encapsulation
       header overheads).  Hence, the MAMS framework SHOULD support the
       fragmentation of a single payload across MTU&nbhy;sized IP packets
       to avoid IP packet fragmentation when aggregating packets from different
       paths.  Further, the concatenation of multiple IP packets into a single IP
       packet to improve efficiency in packing the MTU size SHOULD also be supported.</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Section 4.10:  We had difficulty following these items in
this section.  Please clarify the meaning of the following:

* for adaptation to MTU Differences (the section title)
* MTU sized
* packing the MTU size

Original:
4.10.  Concatenation and Fragmentation for adaptation to MTU Differences

 Different network paths may have different security and middlebox
 (e.g NAT) configurations, which will lead to use of different
 tunneling protocols for transport of data between the network user
 plane function and the client.  As a result, different effective
 payload sizes (e.g. due to variable encapsulation header overheads)
 per network path are possible.  Hence, the MAMS framework SHOULD support
 fragmentation of a single IP packet payload across MTU sized IP
 packets to avoid IP fragmentation when aggregating packets from
 different paths.  Further, concatenation of multiple IP packets into
 a single IP packet to improve efficiency in packing the MTU size
 should also be supported.

Possibly:
4.10.  Concatenation and Fragmentation for Adaptation to MTU Differences

 Different network paths may have different security and middlebox
 (e.g., NAT) configurations.  These configurations will lead to the
 use of different tunneling protocols for the transport of data
 between the network user-plane function and the client.  As a result,
 different effective payload sizes (e.g., due to variable
 encapsulation header overheads) per network path are possible.
 Hence, the MAMS framework SHOULD support the fragmentation of a
 single IP packet payload across MTU-sized IP packets to avoid IP
 fragmentation when aggregating packets from different paths.
 Further, the concatenation of multiple IP packets into a single IP
 packet to improve efficiency in packing the MTU size should also be
 supported.
 -->
        <!-- [author1] Agreed and updated with the suggested text.
 -->
      </section>
      <section title="Configuring numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Configuring Network Middleboxes Based on Negotiated Protocols"> Protocols</name>
        <t>The framework SHOULD enable the identification of optimal parameters that
       may be used for configuring the middleboxes, like radio link dormancy timers,
       binding expiry times, and supported MTUs, for efficient operation of the
       user&nbhy;plane protocols, based on parameters negotiated between the client
       and the network, e.g., configuring a longer binding expiry time in NATs when
       UDP transport is used, in contrast to the scenario where TCP is configured at
       the transport layer.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Policy-Based numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Policy-Based Optimal Path Selection"> Selection</name>
        <t>The framework MUST support both the implementation of policies at
       the client, and guidance from the network for network path
       selection that will address different application requirements.</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Section 4.12:  We had trouble following this sentence.
If the suggested text is not correct, please clarify
"consideration of policies at."

Original:
 The framework MUST support consideration of policies at the client,
 in addition to guidance from the network, for network path selection
 addressing different application requirements.

Suggested:
 The framework MUST support both the implementation of policies at
 the client and guidance from the network for network path
 selection that will address different application requirements.
 -->
        <!-- [author1] Agree with suggested text and Updated.
 -->
      </section>
      <section title="Access-Technology-Agnostic numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Access-Technology-Agnostic Control Signaling"> Signaling</name>
        <t>The control-plane signaling MUST NOT be dependent on the underlying access
       technology procedures, i.e., it is carried transparently, like application
       data, on the user plane.

<!-- [rfced] Section 4.13:  We had trouble following this sentence.
If the suggested text is not correct, please clarify the meaning of
"e.g. be carried transparently as user plane."

Original:
 The control plane signaling MUST NOT be dependent on the underlying
 access technology procedures, e.g. be carried transparently as user
 plane.

Suggested:
 The control-plane signaling MUST NOT be dependent on the underlying
 access technology procedures, e.g., it should be carried transparently
 on the user plane.
 -->

<!-- [author1]: Agree with suggested text. Changed to "i.e." and added the phrase, "like application data", for further clarity.
 -->

       The MAMS framework SHOULD support the delivery of control-plane signaling over existing Internet protocols, e.g., TCP or UDP.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Service numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Service Discovery and Reachability"> Reachability</name>
        <t>There can be multiple instances of the control-plane and user&nbhy;plane
       functional elements of the framework, either collocated or hosted on separate
       network elements and reachable via any of the available user&nbhy;plane
       paths.  The client MUST have the flexibility to choose the appropriate
       control&nbhy;plane instance in the network and use the control&nbhy;plane
       signaling to choose the desired user&nbhy;plane functional element instances.
       The client&apos;s client's choice can be based on considerations such as, but not limited to,
       the quality of the link through which the network function is reachable, client
       preferences, preconfiguration, etc.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section title="Solution Principles"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Solution Principles</name>
      <t>This document describes the Multi&nbhy;Access Management Services (MAMS)
     framework for dynamic selection of a flexible combination of access
     and core network paths for the uplink and downlink, as
     well as the user&nbhy;plane treatment for the traffic spread across the
     selected links.  The user-plane paths, and access and core network connections, can be selected independently for the uplink and downlink.
     For example, the network paths chosen for the uplink do not apply any constraints on the choice of paths for the downlink.  The uplink and downlink network paths
     can be chosen based on the application needs, and on the characteritics and available resources on different network connections.  For example,
     a Wi&nbhy;Fi connection can be chosen for the downlink for transporting high bandwidth data
     from network to device, whereas an LTE connection can be chosen to carry the low
     bandwidth feedback to the application server.</t>
      <t>Also, depending on the characteristics of the access network link, different
     processing would be needed on the user&nbhy;plane packets on different network paths.
     Encryption would be needed on a Wi&nbhy;Fi link to secure user plane packets, but
     not on an LTE link.  Tunneling would be needed to ensure client and network end&nbhy;point
     reachability over NATs.  Such, differentiated user&nbhy;plane treatment can be
     effected by configuration of user plane&nbhy;protocols (e.g., IPsec) specific to each link.</t>
      <!-- [rfced] Section 5:  To what does "independently" refer in this
sentence?

Original (a space has been added between "Services" and "(MAMS)"):

 This document proposes the Multiple Access Management Services(MAMS)
 framework for dynamic selection and flexible combination of access
 and core network paths independently for the uplink and downlink, as
 well as the user plane treatment for the traffic spread across the
 selected links.
 -->
      <!-- [author1] It means that choice of a set of network paths on the uplink does not constrain the choices available for network paths in the downlink.
Rephrased the sentences to clarify "independently".
 -->
      <t>The MAMS framework consists of clearly separated control&nbhy; and
     user&nbhy;plane functions in the network and the client.  The
     control&nbhy;plane protocol allows the configuration of the user&nbhy;plane
     protocols and desired network paths for the transport of application
     traffic.  The control&nbhy;plane messages are carried as user&nbhy;plane
     data over any of the available network paths between the peer
     control&nbhy;plane functional elements in the client and the
     network.  Multiple user&nbhy;plane paths are dynamically distributed across
     multiple access networks and aggregated in the network (by the N-MADP).
     The access network&apos;s network's diversity is not exposed to the application servers,
     but is kept within the scope of the elements defined in this
     framework.  This reduces the burden placed on application servers that
     would otherwise have to react to access link changes caused by mobility
     events or changing link characteristics.</t>
      <t>The selection of paths and user&nbhy;plane treatment of the traffic is based
     on (1) the negotiation of device and network capabilities, and (2) link probing
     (i.e., checking the quality of links between the user-plane
     functional elements at the end&nbhy;user device/client and the network).

<!-- [rfced] Section 5:  We had trouble following this sentence.
Does this text refer to link probing as mentioned in Sections 6 and 9?
If yes, may we update as suggested below?

Original:
 The
 selection of paths and user plane treatment of the traffic, is based
 on negotiation of capabilities (of device and network) and probing of
 network link quality between the user plane functional elements at
 the end-user device/client and the network.

Suggested:
 The selection of
 paths and user-plane treatment of the traffic is based on (1) the
 negotiation of device and network capabilities and (2) link probing
 (i.e., checking the quality of links between the user-plane
 functional elements at the end-user device/client and the network).
 -->

<!-- [author1]: Agree with the suggested text, and updated the same.
 -->

     This framework enables leveraging network
     intelligence to set up and dynamically configure the best
     access network path combination based on device and network
     capabilities, an application&apos;s application's needs, and knowledge of the network
     state.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>MAMS Reference Architecture"> Architecture</name>
      <t><xref target="figure1" /> format="default"/> illustrates the MAMS architecture for the scenario
     where a client is served by multiple (n) networks.  It also introduces the
     following functional elements:

     <list style="symbols">
       <t>The

      </t>
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>The NCM and the CCM in the control plane</t>
       <t>The plane</li>
        <li>The N-MADP and the C-MADP in the user plane.</t>
     </list></t> plane.</li>
      </ul>
      <figure anchor="figure1" title="MAMS anchor="figure1">
        <name>MAMS Reference Architecture"> Architecture</name>
        <artwork align="center">
      <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

  +--------------------------------------------------------+
  |          +----------------+       +----------------+   |
  |          |                |       |                |   |
  |          |Core (IP anchor)| ..... |Core (IP anchor)|   |
  |          |Network 1       |       |Network "n"     |   |
  |          |                |       |                |   |
  |          +----------------+       +----------------+   |
  |                           \             /              |
  |                     Anchor \  ...... Anchor            |
  |                     Connection 1     Connection "n"    |
  |                              \       /                 |
  |              +---------------+\+---+/+------+          |
  |              | +-----+      +----------+    |          |
  | +--------------| NCM |      |  N-MADP  |    |          |
  | |            | +-----+      +----------+    |          |
  | |            +------------------------------+          |
  | |                           /           \              |
  | |Control-Plane       Delivery  ...... Delivery         |
  | |Path (over any      Connection 1     Connection "n"   |
  | |access user plane)      /                 \           |
  | |                       /                   \          |
  | |       +------------------+        +---------------+  |
  | |       |    Access        | ...... | Access        |  |
  | |       |    Network 1     |        | Network "n"   |  |
  | |       +------------------+        +---------------+  |
  +-----------------------------\----------------/---------+
    |                            \              /
    |                  +----------\------------/-+
    |                  | +---+     \ +------+ /  |
    +--------------------+CCM|      \|C-MADP|/   |
                       | +---+       +------+    |
                       |        Client           |
                       +-------------------------+
      ]]>
    </artwork>

    ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
      <t>The NCM is the functional element in the network that handles the MAMS
     control&nbhy;plane procedures.  It configures the network (N-MADP) and client
     (C-MADP) user&nbhy;plane functions, such as negotiating with the client for the use of
     available access network paths, protocols, and rules for processing the
     user&nbhy;plane traffic, as well as link&nbhy;monitoring procedures.

<!-- [rfced] Section 6:  We had trouble following this sentence.
Please clarify "negotiating the client on the use"; are some words
missing?  Perhaps "on" should be "for" or "negotiating the client"
should be "negotiating with the client"?

Original:
 It configures the network (N-MADP)
 and client (C-MADP) user plane functions like negotiating the client
 on the use of available access network paths, protocols and rules for
 processing the user plane traffic, as well as link monitoring
 procedures.
-->

<!-- [author1] Agree with the suggested grammatical fixes.
-->

     The
     control&nbhy;plane messages between the NCM and the CCM are transported as an
     overlay on the user plane, without any impact on the underlying access networks.</t>
      <t>The CCM is the peer functional element in the client for handling MAMS
     control&nbhy;plane procedures.  It manages multiple network connections at the
     client.  It is responsible for the exchange of MAMS signaling messages with the
     NCM for supporting such functions as UL and DL user network path
     configuration for transporting user data packets, link probing, and reporting
     to support adaptive network path selection by the NCM.

<!-- [rfced] Sections 6 and subsequent:  We see what appears to be
a shift from "uplink" and "downlink" to mixed usage of "UL," "uplink,"
"DL," and "downlink."

Please confirm that "UL" and "DL" stand for "uplink" and "downlink."
If yes, for ease of the reader we suggest adding the following
definitions to the end of Section 2 (these are examples; we do not
assume that our wording is correct):

 Uplink (also referred to as "UL" in this document):  A connection
    from a device or smaller local network to a larger network.

 Downlink (also referred to as "DL" in this document):  A connection
    from a larger network to a device or smaller local network.
-->

<!-- [author1]: Defined "Uplink (UL)" and "Downlink (DL)" in the "Terminology" section.
-->

     In the downlink, for user data received by
     the client, it configures the C-MADP such that application data
     packets can be received over any access link so that the packets
     will reach the appropriate application on the client.

<!-- [rfced] Section 6:  This sentence does not parse.  If the
suggested text is not correct, please clarify "such that application
data packet received."

Original:
 In the downlink, for the user data received by the
 client, it configures C-MADP such that application data packet
 received over any of the accesses to reach the appropriate
 application on the client.

Suggested:
 In the downlink, for user data received by
 the client, it configures the C-MADP such that application data
 packets can be received over any access link so that the packets
 will reach the appropriate application on the client.
-->

<!-- [author1] Agreed and incorporated the suggested updates.
 -->

     In the uplink, for the data transmitted by the client, it
     configures the C-MADP to determine the best access links to be used for uplink
     data based on a combination of local and network policies delivered by
     the NCM.</t>
      <t>The N-MADP is the functional element in the network that handles the
     forwarding of user data traffic across multiple network paths, as well as
     other user&nbhy;plane functionalities (e.g., encapsulation, fragmentation,
     concatenation, reordering, retransmission).  The N-MADP is the distribution node
     that routes (1) the uplink user&nbhy;plane traffic to the appropriate
     anchor connection toward the core network, and (2) the downlink user
     traffic to the client over the appropriate delivery connections.  In the
     downlink, the NCM configures the use of delivery connections and
     user&nbhy;plane protocols at the N&nbhy;MADP for transporting user data
     traffic.  The N&nbhy;MADP SHOULD implement ECMP support for the downlink
     traffic.  Alternatively, it MAY be connected to a router with ECMP
     functionality.  The load&nbhy;balancing algorithm at the N&nbhy;MADP is
     configured by the NCM, based on static and/or dynamic network policies like
     assigning access and core paths for a specific user data traffic type,
     user&nbhy;volume-based percentage distribution, and link availability and
     feedback information from the exchange of MAMS signaling messages with the CCM at the
     client.  The N&nbhy;MADP can be configured with appropriate user&nbhy;plane
     protocols to support both per&nbhy;flow and per&nbhy;packet traffic
     distribution across the delivery connections.  In the uplink, the N&nbhy;MADP
     selects the appropriate anchor connection over which to forward the user data
     traffic received from the client (via the delivery connections).  The
     forwarding rules in the uplink at the N&nbhy;MADP are configured by the NCM
     based on application requirements, e.g., enterprise-hosted application flows
     via a Wi&nbhy;Fi anchor or mobile-operator-hosted applications via the
     cellular core.</t>
      <t>The C-MADP is the functional element in the client that handles the MAMS
     user&nbhy;plane data procedures.  The C-MADP is configured by the CCM, based on
     the signaling exchange with the NCM and local policies at the client.
     The CCM configures the selection of delivery connections and the
     user&nbhy;plane protocols to be used for uplink user data traffic based on the
     signaling messages exchanged with the NCM.  The C-MADP entity handles the forwarding of
     user&nbhy;plane data across multiple delivery connections and associated
     user&nbhy;plane functions (e.g., encapsulation, fragmentation, concatenation,
     reordering, retransmissions).</t>
      <t>The NCM and N-MADP can be either collocated or instantiated on different
     network nodes.  The NCM can set up multiple N-MADP instances in the network.
     The NCM controls the selection of the N&nbhy;MADP instance by the client and
     the rules for the distribution of user traffic across the N&nbhy;MADP
     instances.  This is beneficial in multiple deployment scenarios, like the
     following examples:

     <list style="symbols">
       <t>Different

      </t>
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>Different N-MADP instances to handle different sets of clients for load
          balancing across clients.</t>

       <t>Network clients.</li>
        <li>Network topologies where the N-MADP is hosted at the
          user&nbhy;plane node at the access edge or in the core network, while the
          NCM is hosted at the access edge node.</t>

       <t>Access node.</li>
        <li>Access network technology architecture with an N&nbhy;MADP instance at
          the core network node to manage traffic distribution
          across LTE and DSL networks, and an N&nbhy;MADP instance at an access
          network node to manage traffic distribution across LTE and Wi&nbhy;Fi
          networks.</t>
          networks.</li>
        <!-- [rfced] Section 6:  We had trouble following the meaning of
"Address" in these two bullet items.  Is "Address" used as an
instruction in these paragraphs?
[author1]: Yes, Address is being used as a verb/instruction.

Original ("exanple" has been fixed):
 o  Address deployment topologies e.g.  N-MADP hosted at the user
    plane node at the access edge or in the core network, while the
    NCM hosted at the access edge node)
 o  Address access network technology architecture.  For exanple,
    N-MADP instance at core network node to manage traffic
    distribution across LTE and DSL networks, and N-MADP instance at
    access network node to manage traffic distribution across LTE and
    Wi-Fi traffic.

Perhaps (guessing that "Address" means "Address-based"):
 o  Address-based deployment topologies, e.g., a N-MADP is hosted at
    the user-plane node at the access edge or in the core network,
    while the NCM is hosted at the access edge node.

 o  Address-based access network technology architecture - for
    example, a N-MADP instance at a core network node to manage
    traffic distribution across LTE and DSL networks, and a N-MADP
    instance at an access network node to manage traffic distribution
    across LTE and Wi-Fi networks.
-->
        <!-- [author1]: Here "Address" was used to mean "Consider". Rephrased text to remove ambiguity.
-->

       <t>A
        <li>A single client can be configured to use multiple N-MADP instances.  This
          is beneficial in addressing different application requirements.  For
          example, separate N-MADP instances to handle traffic that is based on TCP
          and UDP transport.</t>

     </list> transport.</li>
      </ul>
      <t>

     Thus, the MAMS architecture flexibly addresses multiple network deployments.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>MAMS Protocol Architecture"> Architecture</name>
      <t>This section describes the protocol structure for the MAMS user&nbhy;plane and
     control&nbhy;plane functional elements.</t>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Control-Plane Protocol"> Protocol</name>
        <t><xref target="figure2" /> format="default"/> shows the default MAMS control&nbhy;plane protocol
        stack.  WebSocket <xref target="RFC6455" /> format="default"/> is used for transporting management
        and control messages between the NCM and the CCM.</t>
        <figure anchor="figure2" title="TCP-Based anchor="figure2">
          <name>TCP-Based MAMS Control-Plane Protocol Stack"> Stack</name>
          <artwork align="center">
         <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

    +------------------------------------------+
    |                                          |
    |    Multi-Access (MX) Control Message     |
    |                                          |
    +------------------------------------------+
    |                                          |
    |                WebSocket                 |
    |                                          |
    +------------------------------------------+
    |                                          |
    |                 TCP/TLS                  |
    |                                          |
    +------------------------------------------+
         ]]>
       </artwork>

       ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS User-Plane Protocol"> Protocol</name>
        <t><xref target="figure3" /> format="default"/> shows the MAMS user&nbhy;plane protocol stack for transporting the user
       payload, e.g., an IP Protocol Data Unit (PDU).</t>
        <figure anchor="figure3" title="MAMS anchor="figure3">
          <name>MAMS User-Plane Protocol Stack"> Stack</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

   +-----------------------------------------------------+
   |   User Payload, e.g., IP Protocol Data Unit (PDU)   |
   +-----------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|  +-----------------------------------------------------+  |
|  | Multi-Access (MX) Convergence Layer                 |  |
|  +-----------------------------------------------------+  |
|  +-----------------------------------------------------+  |
|  | MX Adaptation   | MX Adaptation  | MX Adaptation    |  |
|  | Layer           | Layer          | Layer            |  |
|  | (optional)      | (optional)     | (optional)       |  |
|  +-----------------+----------------+------------------+  |
|  | Access #1 IP    | Access #2 IP   | Access #3 IP     |  |
|  +-----------------------------------------------------+  |
|                             MAMS User-Plane Protocol Stack|
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The MAMS user-plane protocol consists of the following two layers:
      <list style="symbols">
        <t>Multi-Access
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Multi-Access (MX) Convergence Layer: The MAMS framework configures
           the Convergence Layer to perform multi-access-specific tasks in the
           user plane.  This layer performs such functions as access (path)
           selection, multi&nbhy;link (path) aggregation, splitting/reordering,
           lossless switching, fragmentation, or concatenation.
           The MX Convergence Layer can be implemented by using existing
           user&nbhy;plane protocols like MPTCP <xref target="RFC6824"/> target="RFC6824" format="default"/> or
           Multipath QUIC (MPQUIC) <xref target="QUIC-MULTIPATH"/>, target="QUIC-MULTIPATH" format="default"/>, or by adapting
           encapsulating header/trailer schemes such as GRE <xref target="RFC2784"/> target="RFC2784" format="default"/>
            <xref target="RFC2890"/> target="RFC2890" format="default"/> or Generic Multi&nbhy;Access (GMA) <xref
           target="INTAREA-GMA"/>.</t>

        <t>Multi-Access target="INTAREA-GMA" format="default"/>.</li>
          <li>Multi-Access (MX) Adaptation Layer: The MAMS framework configures the
           Adaptation Layer to address transport-network-related aspects such as
           reachability and security in the user plane.  This layer performs functions
           to handle tunneling, network&nbhy;layer security, and NAT.  The MX Adaptation Layer can be
           implemented using IPsec, DTLS <xref target="RFC6347"/>, target="RFC6347" format="default"/>, or a Client NAT (Source NAT at the client with
           inverse mapping at the N-MADP <xref target="INTAREA-MAMS"/>). target="INTAREA-MAMS" format="default"/>).  The MX
           Adaptation Layer is OPTIONAL and can be independently configured for each of
           the access links.  For example, in a deployment with LTE (assumed secure) and
           Wi-Fi (assumed to not be secure), the MX Adaptation Layer can be omitted for the
           LTE link, but is configured with IPsec to secure the Wi-Fi link.  Further
           details on the MAMS user plane are provided in <xref target="INTAREA-MAMS"/>.</t>
      </list></t> target="INTAREA-MAMS" format="default"/>.</li>
        </ul>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>MAMS Control-Plane Procedures"> Procedures</name>
      <section title="Overview"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Overview</name>
        <t>The CCM and NCM exchange signaling messages to configure the user&nbhy;plane
       functions via the C-MADP and the N-MADP at the client and the network,
       respectively.  The means for the CCM to obtain the NCM credentials (Fully
       Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) or IP address) for sending the initial discovery
       messages are out of scope for this document.  As an example, the client can
       obtain the NCM credentials by using such methods as provisioning or DNS
       queries.  Once the discovery process is successful, the (initial) NCM can
       update and assign additional NCM addresses, e.g., based on Mobile Country Code
       (MCC) / Mobile Network Code (MNC) tuple information received in the MX Discover
       message, for sending subsequent control&nbhy;plane messages.</t>
        <t>The CCM discovers and exchanges capabilities with the NCM.  The
       NCM provides the credentials of the N&nbhy;MADP endpoint and negotiates the
       parameters for the user plane with the CCM.  The CCM configures the C&nbhy;MADP
       to set up the user&nbhy;plane path (e.g., MPTCP/UDP Proxy connection)
       with the N&nbhy;MADP, based on the credentials (e.g., (MPTCP&wj;/UDP) Proxy IP
       address and port, associated core network path), and the parameters exchanged
       with the NCM.  Further, the NCM and CCM exchange link status information
       to adapt traffic steering and user&nbhy;plane treatment to dynamic network
       conditions.  The key procedures are described in detail in the following
       subsections.</t>
        <figure anchor="figure4" title="MAMS anchor="figure4">
          <name>MAMS Control-Plane Procedures"> Procedures</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

                +-----+                 +-----+
                | CCM |                 | NCM |
                +--+--+                 +--+--+
                   |     Discovery and     |
                   |     Capability        |
                   |     Exchange          |
                   |<--------------------->|
                   |                       |
                   |     Setup of          |
                   |     User-Plane        |
                   |     Protocols         |
                   |<--------------------->|
                   |                       |
                   |     Path Quality      |
                   |     Estimation        |
                   |<--------------------->|
                   |                       |
                   | Network Capabilities  |
                   | e.g., RNIS [ETSIRNIS] |
                   |<----------------------|
                   |                       |
                   |   Network Policies    |
                   |<----------------------|
                   +                       +

      "RNIS" stands for "Radio Network Information Service"
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>
      <section title="Common numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Common Fields in MAMS Control Messages"> Messages</name>
        <t>Each MAMS control message consists of the following common fields:
      <list style="symbols">
        <t>Version:
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Version: Indicates the version of the MAMS control protocol.</t>
        <t>Message protocol.</li>
          <li>Message Type: Indicates the type of the message, e.g., MX Discover,
           MX Capability Request (REQ) / Response (RSP).</t>
        <t>Sequence (RSP).</li>
          <li>Sequence Number: Auto-incremented integer to uniquely identify a
           particular message exchange, e.g., MX Capability REQ/RSP.</t>
      </list></t> REQ/RSP.</li>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section title="Common numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Common Procedures for MAMS Control Messages"> Messages</name>
        <t>This section describes the common procedures for MAMS control messages.</t>
        <section title="Message Timeout"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Message Timeout</name>
          <t>After sending a MAMS control message, the MAMS control&nbhy;plane peer
           (NCM or CCM) waits for a duration of MAMS_TIMEOUT ms before
           timing out in cases where a response was expected.  The sender of the
           message will retransmit the message for MAMS_RETRY times before declaring
           failure if no response is received.  A failure implies that the MAMS peer
           is dead or unreachable, and the sender reverts to native
           non&nbhy;multi&nbhy;access / single-path mode.  The CCM may initiate the
           MAMS discovery procedure for re&nbhy;establishing the MAMS session.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Keep-Alive Procedure"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Keep-Alive Procedure</name>
          <t>MAMS control-plane peers execute the keep-alive procedures to ensure that
           the other peers are reachable and to recover from dead-peer scenarios.  Each
           MAMS control&nbhy;plane endpoint maintains a Keep&nbhy;Alive timer that is set
           for a duration of MAMS_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT.  The Keep&nbhy;Alive timer is reset
           whenever the peer receives a MAMS control message.  When the Keep&nbhy;Alive
           timer expires, an MX KEEP&nbhy;ALIVE REQ message is sent.</t>
          <t>The values for MAMS_RETRY and MAMS_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT parameters
           used in keep&nbhy;alive procedures are deployment dependent and the means for obtaining them are
           out of scope for this document.  As an example, the client and network can obtain the values
           using provisioning.

<!-- [rfced] Section 8.3.2:  Should the instances of
"MAMS KEEP ALIVE REQ," "MAMS KEEP ALIVE RSP," "MX KEEP ALIVE REQ,"
and "MX KEEP ALIVE RSP" be hyphenated, e.g., "MAMS KEEP-ALIVE REQ"?

Original:
 When MAMS_KEEP_ALIVE timer expires, MAMS KEEP ALIVE REQ message is
 sent.  On reception of a MAMS KEEP ALIVE REQ message, the receiver
 responds with a MAMS KEEP ALIVE RSP message.  If the sender does not
 receive a MAMS Control message in response to MAMS_RETRY number of
 retries of MAMS KEEP ALIVE REQ message, the MAMS peer declares that
 the peer is dead.  CCM may initiate MAMS Discovery procedure for re-
 establishment of the MAMS session.

 CCM shall additionally send MX KEEP ALIVE REQ message immediately to
 NCM whenever it detects a handover from one base station/access point
 to another.  During this time the user equipment shall stop using
 MAMS user plane functionality in uplink direction till it receives a
 MX KEEP ALIVE RSP from NCM.

 MX KEEP ALIVE REQ includes following information:
 -->

<!-- [author1] Agreed and incorporated the suggested changes. Added, clarification on obtaining values for MAMS_RETRY and MAMS_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT.
 -->

           On receipt of a MAMS
           KEEP&nbhy;ALIVE REQ message, the receiver responds with a MAMS KEEP&nbhy;ALIVE RSP
           message.  If the sender does not receive a MAMS control message in response to
           MAMS_RETRY retries of the MAMS KEEP&nbhy;ALIVE REQ message, the MAMS
           peer declares that the peer is dead or unreachable.  The CCM MAY initiate the MAMS Discovery
           procedure for re&nbhy;establishing the MAMS session.</t>
          <t>Additionally, the CCM SHALL immediately send an MX KEEP&nbhy;ALIVE REQ message
           to the NCM whenever it detects a handover from one
           base station / access point to another.  During this time, the
           user equipment SHALL stop using MAMS user&nbhy;plane functionality in the
           uplink direction until it receives an MX KEEP&nbhy;ALIVE RSP from the NCM.</t>
          <t>The MX KEEP&nbhy;ALIVE REQ message includes the following information:
           <list style="symbols">
             <t>Reason:
          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>Reason: Can be "Timeout" or "Handover". "Handover" shall be used
                by the CCM only on detection of a handover.</t>
             <t>Unique handover.</li>
            <li>Unique Session Identifier: See <xref target="disc_cap_exch"/>.</t>
             <t>Connection target="disc_cap_exch" format="default"/>.</li>
            <li>Connection ID: If the reason is "Handover", the inclusion of this
                field is mandatory.</t>
             <t>Delivery mandatory.</li>
            <li>Delivery Node Identity : E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier (ECGI) in the case of LTE, and a Wi&nbhy;Fi AP
                ID or a Media Access Control(MAC) address in the case of
                Wi&nbhy;Fi). If the reason is "Handover", the inclusion of this
                field is mandatory.</t>
           </list></t> mandatory.</li>
          </ul>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="Discovery anchor="disc_cap_exch" numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Discovery and Capability Exchange" anchor="disc_cap_exch"> Exchange</name>
        <t><xref target="figure5" /> format="default"/> shows the MAMS discovery and capability exchange
       procedure.</t>
        <figure anchor="figure5" title="MAMS anchor="figure5">
          <name>MAMS Control Procedure for Discovery and Capability Exchange"> Exchange</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

 CCM                                                  NCM
  |                                                    |
  |------- MX Discover Message ----------------------->|
  |                                         +-----------------+
  |                                         | Learn CCM       |
  |                                         | IP address      |
  |                                         | and port        |
  |                                         +-----------------+
  |                                                    |
  |<--------------------------------MX System Info-----|
  |                                                    |
  |---------------------------------MX Capability REQ->|
  |<----- MX Capability RSP----------------------------|
  |---------------------------------MX Capability ACK->|
  |                                                    |
  +                                                    +
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>This procedure consists of the following key steps:</t>
        <t>Step 1 (discovery): The CCM periodically sends an MX Discover message
       to a predefined (NCM) IP address/port until an MX System Info message is
       received in acknowledgment.

       <list style="symbols">

        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>The MX Discover message includes the following information:

             <list style="symbols">
                <t>MAMS Version.</t>
                <t>Mobile

            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>MAMS Version.</li>
              <li>Mobile Country Code (MCC) / Mobile Network Code (MNC) Tuple: Optional parameter to identify the operator network to which
                   the client is subscribed, in conformance with the format specified in <xref target="ITU-E212"/>.</t>
             </list></t> target="ITU-E212" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>The MX System Info message includes the following information:
             <list style="symbols">
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>
                <t>Number of Anchor Connections.
                  <vspace blankLines="1" />
                </t>
                <t>
                  For each anchor connection, the following parameters are included:
                  <list style="symbols">
                    <t>Connection
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>Connection ID: Unique identifier for the anchor connection.</t>
                    <t>Connection connection.</li>
                  <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE").</t> "LTE").</li>
                  <li>
                    <t>NCM Endpoint Address (for control-plane messages over this connection):
                       <list style="symbols">
                         <t>IP
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>IP Address or FQDN</t>
                         <t>Port Number</t>
                       </list></t>
                  </list></t>
             </list></t>
       </list></t> FQDN</li>
                      <li>Port Number</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>Step 2 (capability exchange): The CCM learns the IP address and port
       from the MX System Info message.  It then sends the MX Capability
       REQ message, which includes the following parameters:

<!-- [rfced] Section 8.4:  We found this sentence confusing, because
this paragraph is the "Step 2" paragraph.  Should "the step 2 of the
control plane connection" be "this step"?  Alternatively, could the
phrase be removed, per our "Possibly" text below?

Original:
 Step 2 (Capability Exchange): On receiving MX System Info message CCM
 learns the IP Address and port to start the step 2 of the control
 plane connection, and sends out the MX Capability REQ message,
 including the following Parameters:

Possibly:
 Step 2 (capability exchange): The CCM learns the IP address and port
 from the MX System Info message.  It then sends the MX Capability
 REQ message, which includes the following parameters:
 -->

<!-- [author1] Agreed and incorporated the suggested changes.
 -->

       <list style="symbols">
         <t>MX

        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>MX Feature Activation List: Indicates whether the corresponding feature is
            supported or not, e.g., lossless switching, fragmentation, concatenation,
            uplink aggregation, downlink aggregation, measurement, probing.</t> probing.</li>
          <li>
            <t>Number of Anchor Connections (core networks).
            <vspace blankLines="1" />
            </t>
            <t>
            For each anchor connection, the following parameters are included:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Connection ID</t>
              <t>Connection
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Connection ID</li>
              <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE")</t>
            </list></t> "LTE")</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Number of Delivery Connections (access links).
            <vspace blankLines="1" />
            </t>
            <t>
            For each delivery connection, the following parameters are included:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Connection ID</t>
              <t>Connection
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Connection ID</li>
              <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE")</t>
            </list></t> "LTE")</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>MX Convergence Method Support List:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>GMA</t>
              <t>MPTCP Proxy</t>
              <t>GRE
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>GMA</li>
              <li>MPTCP Proxy</li>
              <li>GRE Aggregation Proxy</t>
              <t>MPQUIC</t>
            </list></t> Proxy</li>
              <li>MPQUIC</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>MX Adaptation Method Support List:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>UDP
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>UDP Tunnel without DTLS</t>
              <t>UDP DTLS</li>
              <li>UDP Tunnel with DTLS</t>
              <t>IPsec DTLS</li>
              <li>IPsec Tunnel <xref target="RFC3948"/></t>
              <t>Client NAT</t>
            </list></t>

       </list></t> target="RFC3948" format="default"/></li>
              <li>Client NAT</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>In response, the NCM creates a unique identity for the CCM session and sends
       the MX Capability RSP message, including the following information:

       <list style="symbols">

         <t>MX

        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>MX Feature Activation List: Indicates whether the corresponding feature is
            enabled or not, e.g., lossless switching, fragmentation, concatenation,
            uplink aggregation, downlink aggregation, measurement, probing.</t> probing.</li>
          <li>
            <t>Number of Anchor Connections (core networks):
            <vspace blankLines="1" />
            </t>
            <t>
            For each anchor connection, the following parameters are included:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Connection ID</t>
              <t>Connection
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Connection ID</li>
              <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE")</t>
            </list></t> "LTE")</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Number of Delivery Connections (access links):
            <vspace blankLines="1" />
            </t>
            <t>
            For each delivery connection, the following parameters are included:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Connection ID</t>
              <t>Connection
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Connection ID</li>
              <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE")</t>
            </list></t> "LTE")</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>MX Convergence Method Support List:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>GMA</t>
              <t>MPTCP Proxy</t>
              <t>GRE
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>GMA</li>
              <li>MPTCP Proxy</li>
              <li>GRE Aggregation Proxy</t>
              <t>MPQUIC</t>
            </list></t> Proxy</li>
              <li>MPQUIC</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>MX Adaptation Method Support List:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>UDP
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>UDP Tunnel without DTLS</t>
              <t>UDP DTLS</li>
              <li>UDP Tunnel with DTLS</t>
              <t>IPsec DTLS</li>
              <li>IPsec Tunnel <xref target="RFC3948"/></t>
              <t>Client NAT</t>
            </list></t> target="RFC3948" format="default"/></li>
              <li>Client NAT</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Unique Session Identifier: Unique session identifier for the CCM that
            set up the connection. If the session already exists, then the
            existing unique session identifier is returned.

<!-- [rfced] Section 8.4:  We see that "UE" is first used in this
section.  It appears that "UE" stands for "User Equipment."  May we
expand this term in Section 8.3.2, where "user equipment" is first
used, and use "UE" after that?

Original:
 In case the session for the UE
 already exists then the existing unique session identifier is sent
 back.
 -->

<!-- [author1] Removed the reference to UE, and rephrased for clarity.
 -->

            <list style="symbols">
              <t>NCM

            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>NCM ID: Unique identity of the NCM in the operator network.</t>
              <t>Session network.</li>
              <li>Session ID: Unique identity assigned to the CCM instance by this NCM instance.</t>
            </list></t>

       </list></t> instance.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>In response to the MX Capability RSP message, the CCM sends a confirmation (or
       rejection) in the MX Capability ACK message.  The MX Capability ACK includes the
       following parameters:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Unique
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Unique Session Identifier: Same identifier as the identifier
            provided in the MX Capability RSP.</t> RSP.</li>
          <li>
            <t>Acknowledgment: An indication of whether the client has accepted or
            rejected the capability exchange phase.
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>MX
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>MX ACCEPT: The CCM accepts the capability set proposed by
                 the NCM.</t>
              <t>MX NCM.</li>
              <li>MX REJECT: The CCM rejects the capability set proposed by
                 the NCM.</t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t> NCM.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>If the NCM receives an MX_REJECT, the current MAMS session will be
       terminated.</t>
        <t>If the CCM can no longer continue with the current capabilities, it SHOULD
       send an MX SESSION TERMINATE message to terminate the MAMS session.  In
       response, the NCM SHOULD send an MX SESSION TERMINATE ACK to confirm the
       termination.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="User-Plane Configuration"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>User-Plane Configuration</name>
        <t><xref target="figure6" /> format="default"/> shows the user-plane (UP) configuration procedure.</t>
        <figure anchor="figure6" title="MAMS anchor="figure6">
          <name>MAMS Control Procedure for User-Plane Configuration"> Configuration</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

    CCM                                              NCM
     |                                                |
     |---- MX Reconfiguration REQ (setup)------------>|
     |<--------------------+MX Reconfiguration RSP+---|
     |                                    +----------------------------+
     |                                    | NCM prepares N-MADP for    |
     |                                    | User-Plane Setup           |
     |                                    +----------------------------+
     |<------------------- MX UP Setup CFG (Config)---|
     |---- MX UP Setup CNF (Confirm) ---------------->|
+-------------------+                                 |
|Link "X" is up/down|                                 |
+-------------------+                                 |
     |---- MX Reconfiguration REQ (update/release)--->|
     |<--------------------+MX Reconfiguration RSP+---|
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <!-- [rfced] Figure 6:  We changed "Plane|Setup" to "Plane Setup"
here.  Please let us know any objections.

Original:
 | User Plane|Setup           |

Currently:
 | User-Plane Setup           |
 -->
        <!-- [author1] Agreed.
 -->
        <t>This procedure consists of the following two key steps:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Reconfiguration:
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Reconfiguration: The CCM informs the NCM about the changes to the client&apos;s client's connections - setup
            of a new access connection, teardown of an existing access connection or update of parameters related
            to an exiting access connection.  It consists of client triggering the procedure by requesting update
            to the connection configuration, and response from the NCM.</t>
         <t>UP NCM.</li>
          <li>UP Setup: The NCM configures the user plane protocols at the client and the network.  The NCM initiates
            the UP setup by sending the, User Plane Setup Configuration, message to the client which confirms the
            set of mutually acceptable parameters using the User Plane Setup Confirmation (CNF) message.</t>
      </list> message.</li>
        </ul>
        <t>
      These steps are elaborated as follows.</t>
        <!-- [rfced-auth48] Section 8.5:  It is difficult to see what the steps
that follow Figure 6 are.  Are there two steps -  "Reconfiguration" and
"User Plane Protocols Setup"?  If yes, will this be clear to readers?
Please review this section in the updated document, and let us know if
any clarifications are needed.
-->
        <!-- [author1] Added text to clarify that there are 2 steps.
-->
        <t>Reconfiguration: When the client detects that the link is up/down or
       the IP address changes (e.g., via APIs provided by the client OS),
       the CCM sends an MX Reconfiguration REQ message to
       set up / release / update the connection.  The message SHOULD
       include the following information:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Unique
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Unique Session Identifier: Identity of the CCM at the NCM,
            created by the NCM during the capability exchange phase.</t>
         <t>Reconfiguration phase.</li>
          <li>Reconfiguration Action: Indicates the reconfiguration action
            (0: release; 1: setup; 2: update).</t>
         <t>Connection update).</li>
          <li>Connection ID: Identifies the connection for reconfiguration.</t>
       </list></t> reconfiguration.</li>
        </ul>
        <t>If the Reconfiguration Action type is set to "setup" or "update", then
       the message includes the following parameters:

       <list style="symbols">
         <t>IP

        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>IP address of the connection.</t>
         <t>SSID connection.</li>
          <li>SSID (Service Set Idenfier of the Wi&nbhy;Fi access connection).</t>
         <t>MTU connection).</li>
          <li>MTU of the connection: The MTU of the delivery path that is
            calculated at the user equipment for use by the NCM to configure fragmentation and
            concatenation procedures <xref target="INTAREA-MAMS"/> target="INTAREA-MAMS" format="default"/> at the
            N&nbhy;MADP.</t>
         <t>Delivery
            N&nbhy;MADP.</li>
          <li>Delivery Node Identity: Identity of the node to which the client is
            attached.  ECGI in the case of LTE, and a Wi&nbhy;Fi AP ID or a
            MAC address in the case of Wi&nbhy;Fi.</t>
       </list></t> Wi&nbhy;Fi.</li>
        </ul>
        <t>At the beginning of a connection setup, the CCM informs the NCM of the
       connection status using the MX Reconfiguration REQ message with the
       Reconfiguration Action type set to "setup".  The NCM acknowledges the
       connection setup status and exchanges parameters with the CCM for
       user&nbhy;plane setup, as described below.</t>
        <t>Setup of User-Plane Protocols: Based on the negotiated capabilities,
       the NCM sets up the user&nbhy;plane (Adaptation Layer and Convergence Layer)
       protocols at the N&nbhy;MADP and informs the CCM of the user&nbhy;plane
       protocols to be set up at the client (C&nbhy;MADP) and the parameters
       for the C&nbhy;MADP to connect to the N&nbhy;MADP.</t>
        <t>The MX UP Setup Config is used to create (multiple) MADP instances, with
       each anchor connection having one or more configurations, namely MX
       Configurations.  The MX UP Setup Config consists of the following parameters:
       <list style="symbols">
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Number of Anchor Connections (core networks).
          <vspace blankLines="1" />
            </t>
            <t>
          For each anchor connection, the following parameters are included:

          <list style="symbols">
            <t>Anchor

            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Anchor Connection ID</t>
            <t>Connection ID</li>
              <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE")</t> "LTE")</li>
              <li>
                <t>Number of Active MX Configurations (included only if more than one
               MX configuration is active for the anchor connection).
               <vspace blankLines="1" />
                </t>
                <t>
               For each active MX configuration, the following parameters are included:
               <list style="symbols">
                 <t>MX
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>MX Configuration ID (included if more than one MX configuration is
                    present)</t>
                    present)</li>
                  <li>
                    <t>MX Convergence Method.  One of the following:
                    <list style="symbols">
                      <t>GMA</t>
                      <t>MPTCP Proxy</t>
                      <t>GRE
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>GMA</li>
                      <li>MPTCP Proxy</li>
                      <li>GRE Aggregation Proxy</t>
                      <t>MPQUIC</t>
                    </list></t> Proxy</li>
                      <li>MPQUIC</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                    <t>MX Convergence Method Parameters:
                    <list style="symbols">
                      <t>Convergence
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>Convergence Proxy IP Address</t>
                      <t>Convergence Address</li>
                      <li>Convergence Proxy Port</t>
                      <t>Client Key</t>
                    </list></t> Port</li>
                      <li>Client Key</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                    <t>MX Convergence Control Parameters (included if any MX Control PDU types
                    (e.g., Probe-REQ/ACK) are supported):
                    <list style="symbols">
                      <t>UDP
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>UDP port number for sending and receiving MX Control PDUs
                        (e.g., Probe-REQ/ACK, Keep-Alive)</t>
                      <t>Convergence Keep-Alive)</li>
                      <li>Convergence Proxy Port</t>
                    </list></t> Port</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                    <t>Number of Delivery Connections.
                    <vspace blankLines="1" />
                    </t>
                    <t>
                    For each delivery connection, include the following:
                    <list style="symbols">
                      <t>Delivery
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>Delivery Connection ID</t>
                      <t>Connection ID</li>
                      <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE")</t> "LTE")</li>
                      <li>
                        <t>MX Adaptation Method. One of the following:
                         <list style="symbols">
                           <t>UDP
                        </t>
                        <ul spacing="normal">
                          <li>UDP Tunnel without DTLS</t>
                           <t>UDP DTLS</li>
                          <li>UDP Tunnel with DTLS</t>
                           <t>IPsec Tunnel</t>
                           <t>Client NAT</t>
                         </list></t> DTLS</li>
                          <li>IPsec Tunnel</li>
                          <li>Client NAT</li>
                        </ul>
                      </li>
                      <li>
                        <t>MX Adaptation Method Parameters:
                         <list style="symbols">
                           <t>Tunnel
                        </t>
                        <ul spacing="normal">
                          <li>Tunnel Endpoint IP Address</t>
                           <t>Tunnel Address</li>
                          <li>Tunnel Endpoint Port</t>
                           <t>Shared Secret</t>
                           <t>Header Port</li>
                          <li>Shared Secret</li>
                          <li>Header Optimization (included only if the MX Convergence Method
                              is GMA)</t>
                         </list></t>
                    </list></t>
               </list></t>
          </list></t>
       </list></t> GMA)</li>
                        </ul>
                      </li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>For example, when LTE and Wi-Fi are the two user&nbhy;plane accesses, the
       NCM conveys to the CCM that IPsec needs to be set up as the MX Adaptation
       Layer over the Wi-Fi access, using the following parameters: IPsec endpoint
       IP address, and Pre-Shared Key.  No Adaptation Layer is needed if it is
       considered secure with no NAT, or a Client NAT may be used over the LTE access.</t>
        <t>Similarly, as an example of the MX Convergence Method, the configuration
       indicates the convergence protocol as the MPTCP proxy, along with parameters
       for a connection to the MPTCP proxy: namely the IP address and port of the
       MPTCP proxy for TCP applications.</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Section 8.5:  We had trouble with these two sentences.

* Please clarify the meaning of "Client NAT may be used" and
"with no NAT" in the same sentence."

* Please clarify "as an example of the MX Convergence Method
configuration is to indicate":  Should "as an example" be
"an example," or should "as an example of the" be "as an example,
the"?

Original:
 No Adaptation Layer is needed or Client NAT
 may be used over the LTE Access as it is considered secure with no
 NAT.

 Similarly, as an example of the MX Convergence Method configuration
 is to indicate the convergence protocol as MPTCP Proxy along with
 parameters for connection to the MPTCP Proxy, namely IP Address and
 Port of the MPTCP Proxy for TCP Applications.
 -->
        <!-- [author1] Changes made.
 -->
        <t>Once the user&nbhy;plane protocols are configured, the CCM informs the NCM
       of the status via the MX UP Setup CNF message.  The MX UP Setup CNF consists of
       the following parameters:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Unique
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Unique Session Identifier: Session identifier provided to the client in
            an MX Capability RSP.</t> RSP.</li>
          <li>
            <t>MX Convergence Control Parameters (included if any MX Control PDU
            types (e.g., Probe-REQ/ACK, Keep-Alive) are supported):
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>UDP
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>UDP port number for sending and receiving MX Control PDUs
                 (e.g., Probe-REQ/ACK, Keep-Alive)</t>
              <t>MX Keep-Alive)</li>
              <li>MX Configuration ID (if an MX Configuration ID is specified in
                 an MX UP Setup Config, indicate the MX Configuration that will be
                 used for probing)</t>
            </list></t> probing)</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Client Adaptation-Layer Parameters:
            <list style="symbols">
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>
                <t>Number of Delivery Connections.
                 <vspace blankLines="1"/>
                </t>
                <t>
                 For each delivery connection, include the following:
                 <list style="symbols">
                   <t>Delivery
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>Delivery Connection ID</t>
                   <t>UDP ID</li>
                  <li>UDP port number: If UDP-based adaptation is in use, the UDP port
                      on the C-MADP side</t>
                 </list></t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t> side</li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Path Quality Estimation"> Estimation</name>
        <t>Path quality estimations can be done either passively or actively.
       Traffic measurements in the network can be performed passively by
       comparing the real-time data throughput of the device with the capacity
       available in the network.  In special deployments where the NCM has
       interfaces with access nodes, direct interfaces can be used to gather
       information regarding path quality.  For example, the utilization of
       the LTE access node (also known as enhanced Node B), to which the device is attached, could be used as
       an indicator for path quality estimations without creating any extra
       traffic overhead.  Active measurements by the device provide an alternative
       way to estimate path quality.</t>
        <figure anchor="figure7" title="MAMS anchor="figure7">
          <name>MAMS Control-Plane Procedure for Path Quality Estimation"> Estimation</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

CCM                                                 NCM
|                                                    |
|<-------------- MX Path Estimation Configuration ---|
|------ MX Path Estimation Results ----------------->|
|                                                    |
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The NCM sends the following configuration parameters in the MX Path Estimation Configuration message to the CCM:
       <list style="symbols">
          <t>Connection
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Connection ID (of the delivery connection whose path quality
             needs to be estimated)</t>
          <t>Init estimated)</li>
          <li>Init Probe Test Duration (ms)</t>
          <t>Init (ms)</li>
          <li>Init Probe Test Rate (Mbps)</t>
          <t>Init (Mbps)</li>
          <li>Init Probe Size (bytes)</t>
          <t>Init (bytes)</li>
          <li>Init Probe ACK Required (0 -> -&gt; No / 1 -> Yes)</t>
          <t>Active -&gt; Yes)</li>
          <li>Active Probe Frequency (ms)</t>
          <t>Active (ms)</li>
          <li>Active Probe Size (bytes)</t>
          <t>Active (bytes)</li>
          <li>Active Probe Test Duration (ms)</t>
          <t>Active (ms)</li>
          <li>Active Probe ACK Required (0 -> -&gt; No / 1 -> Yes)</t>
        </list></t> -&gt; Yes)</li>
        </ul>
        <t>The CCM configures the C-MADP for probe receipt based on these
       parameters, and for collection of the statistics according to the following
       configuration.
       <list style="symbols">
          <t>Unique
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Unique Session Identifier: Session identifier provided to the client in an MX Capability RSP.</t> RSP.</li>
          <li>
            <t>Init Probe Results Configuration:
             <list style="symbols">
               <t>Lost
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Lost Probes (percent)</t>
               <t>Probe (percent)</li>
              <li>Probe Receiving Rate (packets per second)</t>
             </list></t> second)</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>Active Probe Results Configuration:
             <list style="symbols">
               <t>Average
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Average Throughput in the last Probe Duration</t>
             </list></t>
        </list></t> Duration</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>The user&nbhy;plane probing is divided into two phases: the
       Initialization phase and the Active phase.
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Initialization
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Initialization Phase: A network path that is not included by the
            N-MADP for transmission of user data is deemed to be in the
            Initialization phase.  The user data may be transmitted over other
            available network paths.</t>
         <t>Active paths.</li>
          <li>Active Phase: A network path that is included by the N-MADP for
            transmission of user data is deemed to be in the Active phase.</t>
       </list></t> phase.</li>
        </ul>
        <t>During the Initialization phase, the NCM configures the N-MADP to send an
       Idle Probe-REQ message.  The CCM collects the Idle Probe statistics
       from the C&nbhy;MADP and sends the MX Path Estimation Results message to the
       NCM per the Initialization Probe Results configuration.</t>
        <t>During the Active phase, the NCM configures the N-MADP to send an Active
       Probe-REQ message.  The C-MADP calculates the metrics as specified by the
       Active Probe Results configuration.  The CCM collects the Active Probe
       statistics from the C&nbhy;MADP and sends the MX Path Estimation Results
       message to the NCM per the Active Probe Results configuration.</t>
        <t>The following subsections define the control PDU encoding for Keep-Alive and
       Probe-REQ/ACK messages to support path quality estimation.</t>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Control PDU Definition"> Definition</name>
          <t>Control PDUs are sent as UDP messages between the C-MADP and the N&nbhy;MADP
         to exchange control messages for keep-alive or path quality estimation.
         MX probe parameters are negotiated during the user-plane setup phase (MX UP
         Setup CFG and MX UP Setup CNF).  <xref target="figure_controlPdufmt" /> format="default"/> shows
         the MX Control PDU format with the following fields:

<!-- Lynne: Fix the "Figure 7" hard-code per author reply to the AQ below. -->

<!-- [rfced] Section 8.6.1:  It appears that "Figure 7" should be
"Figure 8" here, as Figure 7's title is "MAMS Control Plane Procedure
for Path Quality Estimation" and Figure 8's title is "MX Control PDU
Format."  Please let us know how/if this text should be corrected.

Original:
 Figure 7 shows the MX control
 PDU format with the following fields:

We also see the following:
 o  Figure 8 shows the MX Control PDU format.  MX Control PDU is sent
 -->

 <!-- [author1] Hard-code is now replaced with cross reference to fix the incorrect Figure number reference
 -->

         <list style="symbols">

          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Type (1 byte): The type of the MX Control message.
              <list style="symbols">
                <t>0: Keep-Alive</t>
                <t>1: Probe-REQ/ACK</t>
                <t>Others: Reserved</t>
              </list></t>
           <t>CID
              </t>
              <ul spacing="normal">
                <li>0: Keep-Alive</li>
                <li>1: Probe-REQ/ACK</li>
                <li>Others: Reserved</li>
              </ul>
            </li>
            <li>CID (1 byte): The connection ID of the delivery connection for
              sending the MX Control message.</t>
           <t>MX message.</li>
            <li>MX Control Message (variable): The payload of the MX Control
              message.</t>
         </list></t>
              message.</li>
          </ul>
          <t>The MX Control PDU is sent as a normal user&nbhy;plane packet
         over the desired delivery connection whose quality and reachability
         need to be determined.</t>
          <figure anchor="figure_controlPdufmt" title="MX anchor="figure_controlPdufmt">
            <name>MX Control PDU Format"> Format</name>
            <artwork align="center">
          <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

                         |                                          |
                         |<--------- MX Control PDU Payload ------->|
                         |                                          |
+-----------+-------------------+-----+-----------------------------+
| IP Header | UDP Header | Type | CID |       MX Control Message    |
+-----------+-------------------+-----+-----------------------------+
          ]]>
        </artwork>

        ]]></artwork>
          </figure>
        </section>
        <section title="Keep-Alive Message"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Keep-Alive Message</name>
          <t>The "Type" field is set to "0" for Keep-Alive messages.  The C-MADP may
         periodically send a Keep-Alive message over one or multiple delivery
         connections, especially if UDP tunneling is used as the adaptation
         method for the delivery connection with a NAT function on the path.</t>
          <t>A Keep-Alive message is 2 bytes long and consists of the following
         field:
         <list style="symbols">
           <t>Keep-Alive
          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>Keep-Alive Sequence Number (2 bytes): The sequence number of the
              Keep-Alive message.</t>
         </list></t> message.</li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <section title="Probe numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Probe REQ/ACK Message"> Message</name>
          <t>The "Type" field is set to "1" for Probe-REQ/ACK messages. The N-MADP
         may send the Probe-REQ message for path quality estimation.
         In response, the C-MADP may return the Probe-ACK message.</t>
          <t>A Probe-REQ message consists of the following fields:
         <list style="symbols">
           <t>Probing
          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>Probing Sequence Number (2 bytes): The sequence number of the Probe
              REQ message.</t> message.</li>
            <li>
              <t>Probing Flag (1 byte):
              <list style="symbols">
                <t>Bit
              </t>
              <ul spacing="normal">
                <li>Bit 0: A Probe ACK flag to indicate whether the Probe-ACK message
                   is expected (1) or not (0).</t>
                <t>Bit (0).</li>
                <li>Bit 1: A Probe Type flag to indicate whether the Probe-REQ/ACK
                   message was sent during the Initialization phase (0) when the
                   network path is not included for transmission of user data, or
                   during the Active phase (1) when the network path is included for
                   transmission of user data.</t>
                <t>Bit data.</li>
                <li>Bit 2: A bit flag to indicate the presence of the Reverse
                   Connection ID (R-CID) field.</t>
                <t>Bits field.</li>
                <li>Bits 3-7: Reserved.</t>
              </list></t>
           <t>Reverse Reserved.</li>
              </ul>
            </li>
            <li>Reverse Connection ID (R-CID) (1 byte): The connection ID of the
              delivery connection for sending the Probe-ACK message on the
              reverse path.</t>
           <t>Padding (variable).</t>
         </list></t> path.</li>
            <li>Padding (variable).</li>
          </ul>
          <t>The "R-CID" field is only present if both Bit 0 and Bit 2 of the
         "Probing Flag" field are set to "1".  Moreover, Bit 2 of the "Probing
         Flag" field SHOULD be set to "0" if Bit 0 is "0", indicating that the
         Probe-ACK message is not expected.</t>
          <t>If the "R-CID" field is not present, but Bit 0 of the "Probing
         Flag" field is set to "1", the Probe-ACK message SHOULD be sent over
         the same delivery connection as the Probe-REQ message.</t>
          <t>The "Padding" field is used to control the length of the Probe-REQ message.</t>
          <t>The C-MADP SHOULD send the Probe-ACK message in response to a Probe-REQ
         message with the Probe-ACK flag set to "1".</t>
          <t>A Probe-ACK message is 3 bytes long and consists of the following field:
         <list style="symbols">
           <t>Probing
          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>Probing Acknowledgment Number (2 bytes): The sequence number of the
              corresponding Probe-REQ message.</t>
         </list></t> message.</li>
          </ul>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Traffic Steering"> Steering</name>
        <!-- This is actually Figure 9.  Figure 8 wasn't given the "figure8"
     anchor (along the lines of Figures 1 through 7 and most of the
     other figures), so this is where the "off-by" stuff starts.
     Off by 1 here, but by time you get to Figure 18, it's off by 4 -->
        <!-- [author1] replacing hard-coded numbers with strings to indicate context -->
        <figure anchor="figure_traffic_steering" title="MAMS anchor="figure_traffic_steering">
          <name>MAMS Traffic-Steering Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

CCM                                               NCM
 |                                                 |
 |                                +------------------------------+
 |                                |Steer user traffic to Path "X"|
 |                                +------------------------------+
 |<------------------MX Traffic Steering (TS) REQ--|
 |----- MX Traffic Steering (TS) RSP ------------->|
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The NCM sends an MX Traffic Steering (TS) REQ message to steer data
       traffic.  It is also possible to send data traffic over multiple connections
       simultaneously, i.e., aggregation.  The message includes the following
       information:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Anchor
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Anchor Connection ID: Connection ID of the anchor connection.</t>
         <t>MX connection.</li>
          <li>MX Configuration ID (if an MX Configuration ID is specified in an MX UP Setup Config).</t>
         <t>DL Config).</li>
          <li>DL Connection ID List: List of DL delivery connections, provided as Connection IDs.</t> IDs.</li>
          <!-- [rfced] Section 8.7:  Does "Connection ID List of Delivery
Connections" (or "Connection ID List of Delivery connections") mean
"List of Delivery Connections, provided as Connection IDs" or
something else?

Original:
 o  Connection ID List of Delivery Connections for DL traffic
...
 *  Connection ID List of Delivery connections for UL traffic
    identified by the traffic template
-->
          <!-- [author1] rephrased parameters as "DL Connection ID List" and "UL Connection ID List" for clarity
-->

         <t>UL
          <li>UL Connection ID: Connection ID of the default UL delivery connection.</t> connection.</li>
          <li>
            <t>For the number of specific UL traffic templates, the message includes the
            following:
             <list style="symbols">
               <t>Traffic
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Traffic Flow Template for identifying the UL traffic.</t>
               <t>UL traffic.</li>
              <li>UL Connection ID List: List of UL delivery connections, provided as Connection IDs, to be used for sending the UL traffic.</t>
             </list></t>
         <t>MX traffic.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>MX Feature Activation List.  Each parameter indicates whether
            the corresponding feature is enabled or not: lossless switching,
            fragmentation, concatenation, uplink aggregation,
            downlink aggregation, measurement, probing.</t>
       </list></t> probing.</li>
        </ul>
        <t>In response, the CCM sends an MX Traffic Steering (TS) RSP message,
       including the following information:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Unique
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Unique Session Identifier: Session identifier provided to the
            client in an MX Capability RSP.</t>
         <t>MX RSP.</li>
          <li>MX Feature Activation List.  Each parameter indicates whether
            the corresponding feature is enabled or not: lossless switching,
            fragmentation, concatenation, uplink aggregation,
            downlink aggregation, measurement, probing.</t> probing.</li>
          <!-- [rfced] Section 8.7:  Please confirm that, unlike the other
three "MX Feature Activation List:" paragraphs in this document, this
paragraph should not include "measurement" in the list.

Original:
 o  MX Feature Activation List: each parameter indicates if the
    corresponding feature is enabled or not: lossless switching,
    fragmentation, concatenation, Uplink aggregation, Downlink
    aggregation, probing
-->
          <!-- [author1] This should include "measurement". That was a miss. Added it.
-->

       </list></t>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Application MADP Association"> Association</name>
        <figure anchor="figure_AMAproc" title="MAMS anchor="figure_AMAproc">
          <name>MAMS Application MADP Association Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

    CCM                                         NCM
     |                                           |
     |                        +-------------------------+
     |                        | Associate MADP instance |
     |                        | with application flow   |
     |                        +-------------------------+
     |------------------MX App MADP ------------>|
     |                  Association (AMA) REQ    |
     |                                           |
     |<------------------MX App MADP ------------|
     |                  Association (AMA) RSP    |
         ]]>
       </artwork>

       ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The CCM sends an MX App MADP Association (AMA) REQ message to request
       the association of a specific application flow with a specific MADP
       instance ID for the anchor connection with multiple active MX
       configurations.  The MADP Instance ID is a tuple (Anchor Connection ID, MX
       Configuration ID).  This provides the capability for the client to indicate
       the user&nbhy;plane processing that needs to be associated with different
       application flows depending on the needs of those flows.

<!-- [rfced] Section 8.8:  Does "their" refer to the client (in which
case it should be "its") or the application flows?

Original (the previous two sentences are included for context):
 CCM sends out a MX App MADP Association(AMA) REQ message to request
 association of a specific Application flow with a specific MADP
 instance ID for the anchor connection with multiple active MX
 configurations.  MADP Instance ID is a tuple (Anchor Connection ID,
 MX Configuration ID).  This provides the capability for the client to
 indicate the user plane processing that needs to be associated with
 different application flows depending on their needs.
 -->

<!-- [author1] "their" refers to the "application flows". Fixed.
 -->

       The application flow is identified by its associated Traffic Flow Template.</t>
        <t>The MX AMA REQ message includes the following information:
       <list style="symbols">
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Number of Application Flows.
            <vspace blankLines="1" />
            </t>
            <t>
            For each application flow, identified by the Traffic Flow Templates:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Anchor
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Anchor Connection ID</t>
              <t>MX ID</li>
              <li>MX Configuration ID (if more than one MX configuration is
                 associated with an anchor connection)</t>
              <t>Traffic connection)</li>
              <li>Traffic Flow Template for identifying the UL traffic</t>
              <t>Traffic traffic</li>
              <li>Traffic Flow Template for identifying the DL traffic</t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t> traffic</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>In response, the NCM sends an MX App MADP Association (AMA) RSP message,
       including the following information:

<!-- [rfced] Section 8.8:  Figure 10 shows that the CCM sends out
both the MX App MADP Association (AMA) REQ message and the
MX App MADP Association (AMA) RSP message.  Assuming that the flow in
Figure 10 is correct, this sentence contradicts Figure 10.  Please
let us know how this should be corrected.

Original:
 In response, NCM sends out a MX App MADP Association (AMA) RSP
 message, including the following information:
 -->

<!-- [author1] The error is in the figure. Corrected the error in the figure to point
the arrow towards CCM for the MX App MADP Association (AMA) RSP message.
 -->

       <list style="symbols">

        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Number of Application Flows.
            <vspace blankLines="1" />
            </t>
            <t>
            For each application flow, identified by the Traffic Flow Templates:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Status
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Status (Success or Failure)</t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t> Failure)</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Network ID Indication"> Indication</name>
        <figure anchor="figure9" title="MAMS anchor="figure9">
          <name>MAMS Network ID Indication Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

    CCM                                               NCM
     |                                                 |
     |                            +---------------------------------+
     |                            |NCM determines preferred networks|
     |                            +---------------------------------+
     |<------------------MX SSID Indication------------|
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The NCM indicates the preferred network list to the CCM to guide the
       client regarding networks that it should connect to.  To indicate preferred
       Wi-Fi networks, the NCM sends the list of WLANs, each represented by an
       SSID (Service Set Identifier)/BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier)/HESSID
       (Homogeneous Extended Service Set Identifier) as defined in <xref target="IEEE-80211" />), format="default"/>),
       available in the MX SSID Indication.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Client Measurement Configuration and Reporting"> Reporting</name>
        <figure anchor="figure10" title="MAMS anchor="figure10">
          <name>MAMS Client Measurement Configuration and Reporting Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

     CCM                                               NCM
      |                                                 |
      |<------------------MX Meas Config ---------------|
      |                                                 |
+---------------------------------+                     |
|Client ready to send measurements|                     |
+---------------------------------+                     |
      |                                                 |
      |----- MX Meas Report --------------------------->|
         ]]>
       </artwork>

       ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The NCM configures the CCM with the different parameters (e.g., radio link
       information), with the associated thresholds to be reported by the client.  The
       MX MEAS CONFIG message contains the following parameters for each delivery connection:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Delivery
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Delivery Connection ID.</t>
         <t>Connection ID.</li>
          <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE").</t> "LTE").</li>
          <li>
            <t>If the connection type is "Wi-Fi":
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>WLAN_RSSI_THRESH:
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>WLAN_RSSI_THRESH: High and low thresholds for the sending of average
                 RSSI of the Wi-Fi link.</t> link.</li>
              <!-- [rfced] Section 8.10:  For these particular parameters, we at
first could not tell whether "for sending" should be "for sending the"
or "for the sending."  We changed them to "for sending the."  Please
let us know if this is incorrect (i.e., should they be "for the
sending"?).

Original:
 for sending Average RSSI of
 for sending RSRP of
 for sending RSRQ of

Currently:
 for sending the Average RSSI of
 for sending the RSRP of
 for sending the RSRQ of
 -->
              <!-- [author1] Fixed the text. It should be "for sending the".
 -->

              <t>WLAN_RSSI_PERIOD:
              <li>WLAN_RSSI_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the average RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) of the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>WLAN_LOAD_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>WLAN_LOAD_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the loading of the WLAN system.</t>
              <t>WLAN_LOAD_PERIOD: system.</li>
              <li>WLAN_LOAD_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the loading of the WLAN system.</t>
              <t>UL_TPUT_THRESH: system.</li>
              <li>UL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the reverse link throughput on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>UL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>UL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the reverse link throughput on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>DL_TPUT_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>DL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the forward link throughput on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>DL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>DL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the forward link throughput on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>EST_UL_TPUT_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>EST_UL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the reverse link throughput (EstimatedThroughputOutbound as defined in <xref target="IEEE-80211" />) format="default"/>) on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>EST_UL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>EST_UL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the reverse link throughput (EstimatedThroughputOutbound as defined in <xref target="IEEE-80211" />) format="default"/>) on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>EST_DL_TPUT_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>EST_DL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the forward link throughput (EstimatedThroughputInbound, as defined in <xref target="IEEE-80211" />) format="default"/>) on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
              <t>EST_DL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>EST_DL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the forward link throughput (EstimatedThroughputInbound, as defined in <xref target="IEEE-80211" />) format="default"/>) on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
            </list></t> link.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>If the connection type is "LTE":
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>LTE_RSRP_THRESH:
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>LTE_RSRP_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) of the serving LTE link.</t>
              <t>LTE_RSRP_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>LTE_RSRP_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the RSRP of the serving LTE link.</t>
              <t>LTE_RSRQ_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>LTE_RSRQ_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) of the serving LTE link.</t>
              <t>LTE_RSRQ_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>LTE_RSRQ_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the RSRP of the serving LTE link.</t>
              <t>UL_TPUT_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>UL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds for sending the reverse link throughput on the serving LTE link.</t>
              <t>UL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>UL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the reverse link throughput on the serving LTE link.</t>
              <t>DL_TPUT_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>DL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds, for sending the forward link throughput on the serving LTE link.</t>
              <t>DL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>DL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the forward link throughput on the serving LTE link.</t>
            </list></t> link.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li>
            <t>If the connection type is "5G NR":
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>NR_RSRP_THRESH:
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>NR_RSRP_THRESH: High and low thresholds, for sending the RSRP of the serving NR link.</t>
              <t>NR_RSRP_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>NR_RSRP_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the RSRP of the serving NR link.</t>
              <t>NR_RSRQ_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>NR_RSRQ_THRESH: High and low thresholds, for sending the RSRQ of the serving NR link.</t>
              <t>NR_RSRQ_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>NR_RSRQ_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the RSRP of the serving NR link.</t>
              <t>UL_TPUT_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>UL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds, for sending the reverse link throughput on the serving NR link.</t>
              <t>UL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>UL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the reverse link throughput on the serving NR link.</t>
              <t>DL_TPUT_THRESH: link.</li>
              <li>DL_TPUT_THRESH: High and low thresholds, for sending the forward link throughput on the serving NR link.</t>
              <t>DL_TPUT_PERIOD: link.</li>
              <li>DL_TPUT_PERIOD: Periodicity, in ms, for sending the forward link throughput on the serving NR link.</t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t> link.</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>The MX MEAS REPORT message contains the following parameters:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Unique
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Unique Session Identifier: Session identifier provided to the client in an MX Capability RSP.</t> RSP.</li>
          <li>
            <t>For each delivery connection, include the following:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Delivery
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Delivery Connection ID</t>
              <t>Connection ID</li>
              <li>Connection Type (e.g., "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE")</t>
              <t>Delivery "LTE")</li>
              <li>Delivery Node Identity (ECGI in the case of LTE, and
                 a Wi&nbhy;Fi AP ID or a MAC address in the case of Wi&nbhy;Fi)</t> Wi&nbhy;Fi)</li>
              <li>
                <t>If the connection type is "Wi-Fi":
                 <list style="symbols">
                   <t>WLAN_RSSI:
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>WLAN_RSSI: Average RSSI of the Wi-Fi link.</t>
                   <t>WLAN_LOAD: link.</li>
                  <li>WLAN_LOAD: Loading of the WLAN system.</t>
                   <t>UL_TPUT: system.</li>
                  <li>UL_TPUT: Reverse link throughput on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
                   <t>DL_TPUT: link.</li>
                  <li>DL_TPUT: Forward link throughput on the Wi-Fi link.</t>
                   <t>EST_UL_TPUT: link.</li>
                  <li>EST_UL_TPUT: Estimated reverse link throughput on the Wi-Fi link (EstimatedThroughputOutbound as defined in  <xref target="IEEE-80211" />).</t>
                   <t>EST_DL_TPUT: format="default"/>).</li>
                  <li>EST_DL_TPUT: Estimated forward link throughput on the Wi-Fi link (EstimatedThroughputInbound, as defined in  <xref target="IEEE-80211" />).</t>
                 </list></t> format="default"/>).</li>
                </ul>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>If the connection type is "LTE":
                 <list style="symbols">
                   <t>LTE_RSRP:
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>LTE_RSRP: RSRP of the serving LTE link.</t>
                   <t>LTE_RSRQ: link.</li>
                  <li>LTE_RSRQ: RSRQ of the serving LTE link.</t>
                   <t>UL_TPUT: link.</li>
                  <li>UL_TPUT: Reverse link throughput on the serving LTE link.</t>
                   <t>DL_TPUT: link.</li>
                  <li>DL_TPUT: Forward link throughput on the serving LTE link.</t>
                 </list></t> link.</li>
                </ul>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>If the connection type is "5G NR":
                 <list style="symbols">
                   <t>NR_RSRP:
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>NR_RSRP: RSRP of the serving NR link.</t>
                   <t>NR_RSRQ: link.</li>
                  <li>NR_RSRQ: RSRQ of the serving NR link.</t>
                   <t>UL_TPUT: link.</li>
                  <li>UL_TPUT: Reverse link throughput on the serving NR link.</t>
                   <t>DL_TPUT: link.</li>
                  <li>DL_TPUT: Forward link throughput on the serving NR link.</t>
                 </list></t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t> link.</li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Session Termination Procedure"> Procedure</name>
        <figure anchor="figure11" title="MAMS anchor="figure11">
          <name>MAMS Session Termination Procedure - Initiated by Client"> Client</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

CCM                                 NCM
 |                                   |
 |---- MX Session Terminate -------->|
 |                                   |
 |                                   |
 |<-- MX Session Terminate ACK ------|
 |                              +----------------+
 |                              |Remove Resources|
 |                              +----------------+
 |                                   |
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <figure anchor="figure12" title="MAMS anchor="figure12">
          <name>MAMS Session Termination Procedure - Initiated by Network"> Network</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

           CCM                                     NCM
            |                                       |
            |<--------- MX Session Terminate -------|
            |                                       |
            |                                       |
            |                                       |
            |------- MX Session Terminate ACK ----->|
            |                                       |
            |                                       |
+-----------------------+                           |
|    Remove Resources   |                           |
+-----------------------+                           |
            |                                       |
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>At any point in MAMS processing, if the CCM or NCM is no longer able to
       support the MAMS functions, then either of them can initiate a termination
       procedure by sending an MX Session Terminate to the peer.  The peer SHALL
       acknowledge the termination by sending an MX Session Terminate ACK
       message.  After the session is disconnected, the CCM SHALL start a new
       procedure with an MX Discover message.  An MX Session Terminate message shall
       contain a Unique Session Identifier and the reason for the termination
       in the request.  Possible reasons for termination are:

       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Normal Release</t>
         <t>No

        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>Normal Release</li>
          <li>No Response from Peer</t>
         <t>Internal Error</t>
       </list></t> Peer</li>
          <li>Internal Error</li>
        </ul>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS anchor="network_analytics_section" numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Network Analytics Request Procedure" anchor="network_analytics_section"> Procedure</name>
        <figure anchor="figure_NetAnalyticsReq" title="MAMS anchor="figure_NetAnalyticsReq">
          <name>MAMS Network Analytics Request Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

       CCM                                           NCM
        |                                             |
        |-----MX Network Analytics Request----------->|
        |                                             |
        |                                             |
        |<---MX Network Analytics Info----------------|
        |                                             |
         ]]>
       </artwork>

       ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
        <t>The CCM sends the MX Network Analytics Request to the NCM for requesting
       information related to such network parameters as bandwidth, latency, jitter,
       and signal quality, derived based on the application of analytics at the network
       (utilizing the received path measurements and client measurement reporting).</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Section 8.12:  This sentence does not parse; it appears
that one or more words are missing.  If the suggested text is not
correct, please clarify.

Original:
 CCM sends the MX Network Analytics Request informs the NCM to send
 information related to network parameters like bandwidth, latency,
 jitter, signal quality based on application of analytics at the
 network utilizing the received path measurements and client
 measurement reporting.

Suggested:
 The CCM sends the MX Network Analytics Request to the NCM to
 request information related to such network parameters as bandwidth,
 latency, jitter, and signal quality, based on the application of
 analytics at the network (utilizing the received path measurements
 and information related to client measurement reporting).
 -->
        <!-- [author1] Agreed and Accepted the suggested wording, with minor modifications.
 -->
        <t>The MX Network Analytics Request message consists of the following parameters:
       <list style="symbols">
        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Link Quality Indicators.  One or more of the following:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Bandwidth</t>
              <t>Jitter</t>
              <t>Latency</t>
              <t>Signal Quality</t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t>
            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>Bandwidth</li>
              <li>Jitter</li>
              <li>Latency</li>
              <li>Signal Quality</li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
        <t>The NCM sends the MX Network Analytics Info message to convey
       analytics information that might be of interest to the CCM.  This
       message will include network parameters with their predicted likelihoods.</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Section 8.12:  We had trouble following this sentence.
If the suggested text is not correct, please clarify.

Original:
 NCM sends the MX Network Analytics Info to convey the analytics info,
 predictive parameters with likelihoods, for the different parameters
 of interest for the CCM.

Suggested:
 The NCM sends the MX Network Analytics Info message to convey
 analytics information that might be of interest to the CCM; this
 message will include predictive parameters, e.g., likelihoods.
 -->
        <!-- [author1] Modified per suggestion with minor edits:
 The NCM sends the MX Network Analytics Info message to convey
 analytics information that might be of interest to the CCM; this
 message will include network parameters with their predicted likelihoods.
 -->
        <t>The MX Network Analytics Info message consists of the following parameters:

       <list style="symbols">

        </t>
        <ul spacing="normal">
          <li>
            <t>Number of Delivery Connections.
            <vspace blankLines="1"/>
            </t>
            <t>
            For each delivery connection, include the following:

            <list style="symbols">

            </t>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>
                <t>Access Link Identifier:
                 <list style="symbols">
                   <t>Connection Type</t>
                   <t>Connection ID</t>
                 </list></t>
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>Connection Type</li>
                  <li>Connection ID</li>
                </ul>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>Link Quality Indicator:
                 <list style="symbols">
                </t>
                <ul spacing="normal">
                  <li>
                    <t>Bandwidth:
                      <list style="symbols">
                        <t>Predicted
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>Predicted Value (Mbps)</t>
                        <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                        <t>Prediction (Mbps)</li>
                      <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                      <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                      </list></t> seconds)</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                    <t>Jitter:
                      <list style="symbols">
                        <t>Predicted
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>Predicted Value (in seconds)</t>
                        <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                        <t>Prediction seconds)</li>
                      <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                      <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                      </list></t> seconds)</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                    <t>Latency:
                      <list style="symbols">
                        <t>Predicted
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>Predicted Value (in seconds)</t>
                        <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                        <t>Prediction seconds)</li>
                      <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                      <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                      </list></t> seconds)</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                    <t>Signal Quality:
                      <list style="symbols">
                        <t>If
                    </t>
                    <ul spacing="normal">
                      <li>If delivery connection type is "LTE", LTE_RSRP Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                        <t>If (dBm)</li>
                      <li>If delivery connection type is "LTE", LTE_RSRQ Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                        <t>If (dBm)</li>
                      <li>If delivery connection type is "5G NR", NR_RSRP Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                        <t>If (dBm)</li>
                      <li>If delivery connection type is "5G NR", NR_RSRQ Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                        <t>If (dBm)</li>
                      <li>If delivery connection type is "Wi&nbhy;Fi", WLAN_RSSI Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                        <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                        <t>Prediction (dBm)</li>
                      <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                      <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                      </list></t>
                 </list></t>
            </list></t>
       </list></t> seconds)</li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section title=" Generic numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Generic MAMS Signaling Flow"> Flow</name>
      <t><xref target="figure13" /> format="default"/> illustrates the MAMS signaling mechanism
     for negotiation of network paths and flow protocols between the client
     and the network.  In this example scenario, the client is connected to
     two networks (LTE and Wi&nbhy;Fi).</t>
      <figure anchor="figure13" title="MAMS anchor="figure13">
        <name>MAMS Call Flow"> Flow</name>
        <artwork align="center">
       <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

                       +--------------------------------------------+
                       |     MAMS-enabled Network of Networks       |
                       | +-------+    +-------+   +-----+   +------+|
+-----------------+    | |       |    |       |   |     |   |      ||
|     Client      |    | |Network|    |Network|   |     |   |      ||
| +------+ +-----+|    | |   1   |    |   2   |   | NCM |   |N-MADP||
| |C-MADP| | CCM ||    | | (LTE) |    |(Wi-Fi)|   |     |   |      ||
| +------+ +-----+|    | +-------+    +-------+   +-----+   +------+|
|    |       |    |    |     |            |          |          |   |
++---+-------+----+    +-----+------------+----------+----------+---+
 |   |       |               |            |          |          |
 |   |       |               |            |          |          |
 |   |    1.Setup Connection |            |          |          |
 |<----------+-------------->|            |          |          |
 |   |       |               |            |          |          |
 |   |       |  2. MAMS Capabilities Exchange        |          |
 |   |       |<--------------+------------+--------->|          |
 |   |       |               |            |          |          |
 |   |    3. Setup Connection             |          |          |
 |<--+----------------------------------->|          |          |
 |   |       |               |            |          |          |
 | 4c. Config| 4a. Negotiate network paths, Flow     |4b. Config|
 | C-MADP    | protocol, and parameters   |          |N-MADP    |
 |   |<----->|<--------------+------------+--------->|<-------->|
 |   |       |               |            |          |          |
 |   |       |5. Establish user-plane path according to         |
 |   |       | selected flow protocol     |          |          |
 |   |<----------------------+------------+-------------------->|
 |   |       |               |            |          |          |
 +   +       +               +            +          +          +
      ]]>
    </artwork>

    ]]></artwork>
      </figure>

  <t><list style="numbers">
     <t>The
      <ol spacing="normal" type="1">
        <li>The UE connects to Network 1 and gets an IP address assigned by
        Network 1.</t>
     <t>The 1.</li>
        <li>The CCM communicates with the NCM functional element via the Network 1
        connection and exchanges capabilities and parameters for MAMS operation.  Note:
        The NCM credentials (e.g., the NCM&apos;s NCM's IP address) can be made known to the UE
        by pre-provisioning.</t>
     <t>The pre-provisioning.</li>
        <li>The client sets up the connection with Network 2 and gets an IP address
        assigned by Network 2.</t> 2.</li>
        <li>
          <t>The CCM and NCM negotiate capabilities and parameters for establishing
        network paths.  The negotiated capabilities and parameters are then used
        to configure user&nbhy;plane functions, i.e., the N&nbhy;MADP at the network
        and the C&nbhy;MADP at the client.

<!-- [rfced] Section 9:  What is used to configure the user-plane
functions - the capabilities and parameters, the network paths, or
something else?

Original:
 4.  CCM and NCM negotiate capabilities and parameters for
     establishment of network paths, which are then used to configure
     user plane functions N-MADP at the network and C-MADP at the
     client.
-->

<!-- [author1] The CCM and NCM negotiate capabilities and parameters for
     establishing network paths.  The negotiated capabilities and
     parameters are then used to configure user-plane functions, i.e. the
     N-MADP at the network and the C-MADP at the client.
-->

        <list style="format 4%c.">
          <t>The

          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="4%c.">
            <li>The CCM and NCM negotiate network paths, flow routing and aggregation
             protocols, and related parameters.</t>
          <t>The parameters.</li>
            <li>The NCM communicates with the N-MADP to exchange and configure
             flow aggregation protocols, policies, and parameters in alignment with
             those negotiated with the CCM.</t>
          <t>The CCM.</li>
            <li>The CCM communicates with the C-MADP to exchange and configure
             flow aggregation protocols, policies and parameters in alignment with
             those negotiated with the NCM.</t>
        </list></t>
     <t>The NCM.</li>
          </ol>
        </li>
        <li>The C-MADP and N-MADP establish the user&nbhy;plane paths, e.g.,
        using Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE) <xref target="RFC7296"></xref> target="RFC7296" format="default"/>
        signaling, based on the negotiated flow aggregation protocols and parameters
        specified by the NCM.</t>
  </list></t> NCM.</li>
      </ol>
      <t>The CCM and NCM can further exchange messages containing access link
     measurements for link maintenance by the NCM.  The NCM evaluates the link
     conditions in the UL and DL across LTE and Wi&nbhy;Fi, based on link
     measurements reported by the CCM and/or link&nbhy;probing techniques, and
     determines the policy for UL and DL user data distribution.  The NCM and CCM
     also negotiate application&nbhy;level policies for categorizing applications,
     e.g., based on the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), destination IP
     address, and determination of which available network path needs to be used
     for transporting data of that category of applications.  The NCM configures
     the N-MADP, and the CCM configures the C-MADP, based on the negotiated
     application policies.  The CCM may apply local application policies, in
     addition to the application policy conveyed by the NCM.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Relationship numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Relationship to IETF Technologies"> Technologies</name>
      <t>The MAMS framework leverages technologies developed in the IETF (such as MPTCP and GRE) and
     enables a control&nbhy;plane framework to negotiate the use of these protocols between the client
     and the network.  It also addresses the limitations in scope of other multihoming protocols.
     For example, the IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Protocol (MOBIKE <xref target="RFC4555" />) format="default"/>) scope
     indicates that it is limited to multihoming between IPsec
     clients (tunnel mode IPsec Security Associations) and does not support load balancing.
     To address this limitation regarding how the multihoming scenario is handled,
     the MAMS framework supports load balancing with the simultaneous use of multiple access
     paths by negotiating the use of protocols like MPTCP.  Unlike MOBIKE, which
     only applies to endpoints connected with an IPsec tunnel mode Security Association, the MAMS
     framework allows the flexibility to use a wide range of tunneling protocols
     in the Adaptation Layer.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Applying numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Applying MAMS Control Procedures with MPTCP Proxy as User Plane"> Plane</name>
      <t>If the NCM determines that the N-MADP is to be instantiated with MPTCP as
     the MX Convergence Protocol, it exchanges the MPTCP capability support in the
     discovery and capability exchange procedures.
     An MPTCP proxy (e.g., see <xref target="TCPM-CONVERTERS"/>) target="TCPM-CONVERTERS" format="default"/>) is configured to
     be the N-MADP instance.  The NCM then provides the credentials of the MPTCP
     Proxy instance, along with related parameters to the CCM.

<!-- [rfced] Section 11:  This sentence does not parse.
Please clarify "the N-MADP instance, setup as MPTCP Proxy, along
with ..."

Original:
 NCM then exchanges the
 credentials of the N-MADP instance, setup as MPTCP Proxy, along with
 related parameters to the CCM.
 -->

<!-- [author1] Rephrased for clarification.
 -->

     The CCM configures the C-MADP with these parameters to connect to this
     MPTCP proxy instance.</t>
      <!-- [rfced] Section 11:  Should "the N-MADP, MPTCP proxy (e.g.
[I-D.ietf-tcpm-converters]) instance" be "the N-MADP and the
MPTCP proxy (e.g., see [I-D.ietf-tcpm-converters]) instance," or
something else?

Original:
 CCM configures C-MADP with these
 parameters to connect with the N-MADP, MPTCP proxy (e.g.
 [I-D.ietf-tcpm-converters]) instance, on the available network path
 (Access).
 -->
      <!-- [author1] Rephrased for clarification.
 -->
      <t><xref target="figure_mptcp_mams_uplane"/> target="figure_mptcp_mams_uplane" format="default"/> illustrates the user&nbhy;plane protocol layering when
     MPTCP is configured to be the "MX Convergence Layer" protocol.  MPTCP manages traffic distribution and
     aggregation over multiple delivery connections.

      </t>
      <figure anchor="figure_mptcp_mams_uplane" title="MAMS anchor="figure_mptcp_mams_uplane">
        <name>MAMS User-Plane Protocol Stack with MPTCP as MX Convergence Layer"> Layer</name>
        <artwork align="center">
         <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+-----------------------------------------------------+
|                       MPTCP                         |
+----------------+---------------+--------------------+
|  TCP           |   TCP         |      TCP           |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| MX Adaptation  | MX Adaptation | MX Adaptation      |
| Layer          | Layer         | Layer              |
| (optional)     | (optional)    | (optional)         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Access #1 IP   | Access #2 IP  | Access #3 IP       |
+----------------+---------------+--------------------+
         ]]>
       </artwork>

       ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
      <t>

     The client (C-MADP) sets up an MPTCP connection with the N-MADP to begin with.  The MAMS control procedures are
     then applied to:
       <list style="symbols">
         <t>Connect
      </t>
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>Connect to the appropriate MPTCP network endpoint, e.g., the MPTCP proxy (illustrated in <xref target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_init"/>).</t>
         <t>Control target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_init" format="default"/>).</li>
        <li>Control the addition of a second TCP subflow after the Wi&nbhy;Fi
            connection is established and is deemed good (illustrated in <xref
            target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_add_wifi"/>).</t>
         <t>Control target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_add_wifi" format="default"/>).</li>
        <li>Control the behavior of the MPTCP scheduler, e.g., by using only the LTE
            subflow in the UL and both the LTE and Wi&nbhy;Fi subflows in the DL
            (illustrated in <xref target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_degrades"/>).</t>
         <t>Faster target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_degrades" format="default"/>).</li>
        <li>Faster response to Wi&nbhy;Fi link degradation by proactive deletion of a
            TCP subflow over Wi&nbhy;Fi when poor link conditions are reported, to maintain
            optimum performance (illustrated in <xref target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_delete"/>).</t>
       </list></t> target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_delete" format="default"/>).</li>
      </ul>
      <t><xref target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_init" /> format="default"/> shows the call flow describing MAMS control
     procedures applied to configure the user plane and dynamic optimal path selection
     in a scenario with the MPTCP proxy as the convergence protocol in the user plane.

<!-- [rfced] This is actually Figure 18 -->
<!-- [author1] Fixed with direct xref -->

      </t>
      <figure anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_init" title="MAMS-Assisted anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_init">
        <name>MAMS-Assisted MPTCP Proxy as User Plane - Initial Setup with LTE Leg"> Leg</name>
        <artwork align="center">
        <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+------+   +--------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +------+
|      |   |        |   |         |   |         |   |       |   |      |
| CCM  |   | C-MADP |   |Wi-Fi N/W|   | LTE N/W |   |  NCM  |   |N-MADP|
+------+   +--------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +------+
 +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                1. LTE Session Setup and IP Address Allocation       |
 +------------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
  |                                         |              |          |
  |2. MX Discover (MAMS Version, MCC/MNC)   |              |          |
  +-----------------------------------------+------------->|          |
  |3. MX System Info (Serving NCM IP/Port Address)         |          |
  |<------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+          |
  |             |             |             |              |          |
  |4. MX Capability REQ (Supported Anchor/Delivery Links (Wi-Fi, LTE) |
  +------------------------------------------------------->|          |
  |5. MX Capability RSP (Convergence/Adaptation Parameters)|          |
  |<----------------------------------------+--------------+          |
  | 6. MX Capability ACK (ACCEPT)           |              |          |
  +-------------+-------------+--------------------------->|          |
  |             |             |             |              |          |
  |7. MX Meas Config (Wi-Fi/LTE Measurement Thresholds/Period)        |
  |<-------------------------------------------------------+          |
  |8. MX Meas Report (LTE RSRP, UL/DL TPUT) |              |          |
  +-----------------------------------------+------------->|          |
  |9. MX SSID Indication (List of SSIDs)    |              |          |
  |<------------+-------------+----------------------------+          |
  |             |             |             |              |          |
  |10. MX Reconfiguration REQ (LTE IP)      |              |          |
  +------------------------------------------------------->|          |
  |11. MX Reconfiguration RSP               |              |          |
  |<----------------------------------------+--------------+          |
  |12. MX UP Setup REQ (MPTCP proxy IP/Port, Aggregation)  |          |
  |<--------------------------+-------------+--------------+          |
  |13. MX UP Setup RSP        |             |              |          |
  +-------------+-------------+-------------+------------->|          |
  |             | 14. MPTCP connection with designated MPTCP proxy    |
  |             |     over LTE              |                         |
  |             +-------------+-------------+--------------+--------->|
  |             |             |             |              |          |
  +             +             +             +              +          +
        ]]>
      </artwork>

      ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
  </t>
      <t>The salient steps described in the call flow are as follows.
     The client connects to the LTE network and obtains an IP address (assume that
     LTE is the first connection).  It then initiates the NCM discovery procedures
     and exchanges capabilities, including the support for MPTCP as the convergence
     protocol at both the network and the client.</t>
      <t>The CCM provides the LTE connection parameters to the NCM.  The NCM provides
     the parameters like MPTCP proxy IP address/Port, MPTCP Client Key for
     configuring the Convergence Layer.  This is useful if the N&nbhy;MADP is
     reachable, via a different IP address or/and port, from different access
     networks. The current MPTCP signaling can&apos;t can't identify or differentiate the
     MPTCP proxy IP address and port among multiple access networks.
     The client uses the MPTCP Client Key during the subflow creation, and this
     enables the N-MADP to uniquely identify the client, even if a NAT is
     present.  The N-MADP can then inform the NCM of the subflow creation and
     parameters related to creating additional subflows.
     Since LTE is the only connection, the user&nbhy;plane traffic flows over the
     single TCP subflow over the LTE connection.
     Optionally, the NCM provides assistance information to the device on the
     neighboring/preferred Wi-Fi networks that it can associate with.</t>
      <t><xref target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_add_wifi" /> format="default"/> describes the steps where the client establishes
     a Wi-Fi connection.  The CCM informs the NCM of the Wi-Fi connection, along with
     such parameters as the Wi-Fi IP address or the SSID.  The NCM determines that
     the Wi-Fi connection needs to be secured, configures the Adaptation Layer
     to use IPsec, and provides the required parameters to the CCM.  In addition, the
     NCM provides the information for configuring the Convergence Layer (e.g.,
     MPTCP proxy IP address) and provides the Traffic Steering Request to indicate
     that the client SHOULD use only the LTE access.  The NCM may do this, for
     example, on determining from the measurements that the Wi-Fi link is not
     consistently good enough.  As the Wi-Fi link conditions improve, the NCM sends
     a Traffic Steering Request to use Wi-Fi access as well.  This triggers the client
     to establish the TCP subflow over the Wi-Fi link with the MPTCP proxy.</t>
      <!-- [rfced] This is actually Figure 19 -->
      <!-- [author1] Fixed with direct xref -->
      <figure anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_add_wifi" title="MAMS-Assisted anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_add_wifi">
        <name>MAMS-Assisted MPTCP Proxy as User Plane - Add Wi-Fi Leg"> Leg</name>
        <artwork align="center">
      <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+-----+   +---------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +------+
|     |   |         |   |         |   |         |   |       |   |      |
| CCM |   |  C-MADP |   |Wi-Fi N/W|   | LTE N/W |   |  NCM  |   |N-MADP|
+-----+   +---------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|    Traffic over LTE in UL and DL over MPTCP Connection               |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|    Wi-Fi Connection Establishment and IP Address Allocation          |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+--+
 |             |             |             |             |          |
 |15. MX Reconfiguration REQ (Wi-Fi IP)    |             |          |
 +------------------------------------------------------>|          |
 |16. MX Reconfiguration RSP               |             |          |
 |<----------------------------------------+-------------+          |
 |17. MX UP Setup REQ (MPTCP proxy IP/Port, Aggregation) |          |
 |<--------------------------+-------------+-------------+          |
 |18. MX UP Setup RSP        |             |             |          |
 +-------------+-------------+-------------+------------>|          |
 |             | 19. IPsec Tunnel Establishment over Wi-Fi Path     |
 |             |<----------------------------------------+--------->|
 |             |             |             |             |          |
 | 20. MX Meas Report (Wi-Fi RSSI, LTE RSRP, UL/DL TPUT) |+------------+
 +-------------+-------------+-------------+------------>||Wait for    |
 |             |             |             |             ||good reports|
 |             |             |             |             |+------------+
 |   21. MX Traffic Sterring REQ (UL/DL access,          |          |
 |                  Traffic Flow Templates (TFTs))       | +-----------+
 |<----------------------------------------+-------------+ |Allow use  |
 |                                         |             | |    of     |
 |   22. MX Traffic Steering RSP (...)     |             | |Wi-Fi link |
 +-------------+-------------+-------------------------->| +-----------+
 |             |             |             |             |          |
 |            23. Add TCP subflow to the MPTCP connection over      |
 |             |    Wi-Fi link (IPsec Tunnel)                       |
 |             |<-------------------------------------------------->|
 |             |             |             |             |          |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
||              Aggregated Wi-Fi and LTE capacity for UL and DL     |  |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                                                  |
 |                                                                  |
      ]]>
    </artwork>

    ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
      <t><xref target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_degrades" /> format="default"/> describes the steps where the client reports
     that Wi-Fi link conditions degrade in UL.  The MAMS control plane is used to continuously monitor the
     access link conditions on Wi-Fi and LTE connections.  The NCM may at some point determine an increase in
     UL traffic on the Wi-Fi network, and trigger the client to use only LTE in the UL via a Traffic Steering Request to
     improve UL performance.</t>
      <figure anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_degrades" title="MAMS-Assisted anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_degrades">
        <name>MAMS-Assisted MPTCP Proxy as User Plane - Wi-Fi UL Degrades"> Degrades</name>
        <artwork align="center">
      <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+-----+   +---------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +------+
|     |   |         |   |         |   |         |   |       |   |      |
| CCM |   |  C-MADP |   |Wi-Fi N/W|   | LTE N/W |   |  NCM  |   |N-MADP|
+-----+   +---------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|    Traffic over LTE and Wi-Fi in UL And DL over MPTCP                |
++-------------+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+---+
 |             |             |             |            |          |
 | 24. MX Meas Report (Wi-Fi RSSI, LTE RSRP, UL/DL TPUT)| +--------+---+
 +-------------+-------------+-------------+----------->| | Reports of |
 |             |             |             |            | | bad Wi-Fi  |
 |             |             |             |            | | UL tput    |
 |             |             |             |            | +------------+
 |   25. MX Traffic Steering REQ (UL/DL Access, TFTs)   | +-----------+
 |<-----------------------------------------+-----------+ | Disallow  |
 |   26. MX Traffic Steering RSP (...)     |            | | use of    |
 |             |             |             |            | | Wi-Fi UL  |
 |-------------+-------------+------------------------->| +-------+---+
 |             |             |             |            |         |
++-------------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+---+
|  UL data to use TCP subflow over LTE link only,                     |
|     aggregated Wi-Fi+LTE capacity for DL                            |
++-------------+-------------+-------------+------------+---------+---+
 |             |             |             |            |         |
 +             +             +             +            +         +
      ]]>
    </artwork>

    ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
      <!-- [rfced] Figures 20, 21, and 22:  We changed the instances of
"Wi+Fi" to "Wi-Fi" in these figures.  (For example, we saw both
"Wi+Fi N/W" and "Wi-Fi N/W" in several figures, and it seemed that
"Wi-Fi" was intended.)  Please let us know if this is incorrect.

Original (for example):
 ... |Wi+Fi N/W| ...       (versus "Wi-Fi N/W")
 ... |  Aggregated Wi+Fi+LTE capacity for DL ...
   (versus "Aggregated Wi-Fi+LTE capacity for DL")
 ... Wi+Fi UL/DL tput ...   (versus "Wi-Fi UL tput")
 ... |of Wi+Fi     | ...    (versus "|of Wi-Fi UL")

 Figure 21 describes the steps, when the client reports that Wi-Fi ...

Currently (for example):
 ... |Wi-Fi N/W| ...
 ... |     aggregated Wi-Fi+LTE capacity for DL ...
 -->
      <!-- [author1] OK. Thanks for the changes.
 -->
      <t><xref target="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_delete" /> format="default"/> describes the steps where the client reports that
     Wi-Fi link conditions have degraded in both the UL and DL.  As the Wi-Fi
     link conditions deteriorate further, the NCM may decide to send a Traffic
     Steering Request that instructs the client to stop using Wi-Fi and to use only
     the LTE access in both the UL and DL.  This condition may be maintained
     until the NCM determines, based on reported measurements, that the Wi&nbhy;Fi
     link has again become usable.</t>
      <figure anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_delete" title="MAMS-Assisted anchor="figure_mams_mptcp_flow_wifi_delete">
        <name>MAMS-Assisted MPTCP Proxy as User Plane - Part 4"> 4</name>
        <artwork align="center">
      <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+-----+   +--------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +-------+
|     |   |        |   |         |   |         |   |       |   |       |
| CCM |   | C-MADP |   |Wi-Fi N/W|   | LTE N/W |   |  NCM  |   |N-MADP |
+-----+   +--------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-------+   +-------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|           UL data to use TCP subflow over LTE link only,           |
|                aggregated Wi-Fi+LTE capacity for DL                |
++-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------+-+
 |             |             |             |             |         |
 |             |             |             |             |         |
 | 27. MX Meas Report (Wi-Fi RSSI, LTE RSRP, UL/DL TPUT) |+--------+---+
 +-------------+-------------+-------------+------------>|| Reports of |
 |             |             |             |             || bad Wi-Fi  |
 |             |             |             |             || UL/DL tput |
 |             |             |             |             |+------------+
 |   28. MX Traffic Steering REQ (UL/DL Access, TFTs)    | +-----------+
 |<----------------------------------------+-------------+ | Disallow  |
 |   29. MX Traffic Steering RSP (...)     |             | | use of    |
 |             |             |             |             | | Wi-Fi     |
 +-----------------------------------------+------------>| +-----------+
 |             |30. Delete TCP subflow from MPTCP conn. over Wi-Fi link
 |             |<------------------------------------------------->|
 |             |             |             |             |         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
||             Traffic over LTE link only for DL and UL  |         |
||        (until client reports better Wi-Fi link conditions)      |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |             |             |             |             |         |
 +             +             +             +             +         +
      ]]>
    </artwork>

    ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
    </section>
    <section title="Applying numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Applying MAMS Control Procedures for Network-Assisted Traffic Steering when There Is No Convergence Layer"> Layer</name>
      <t><xref target="figure_no_convergence" /> format="default"/> shows the call flow describing MAMS control
     procedures applied for dynamic optimal path selection in a scenario where
     Convergence and Adaptation Layer protocols are omitted.

<!-- [rfced] Section 12:  It appears that one or more words are
missing in this sentence.  Please clarify "in a scenario convergence."

Original:
 Figure 22 shows the call flow describing MAMS control procedures
 applied for dynamic optimal path selection in a scenario convergence
 and Adaptation layer protocols are not omitted.
 -->

<!-- [author1] Added missing "where"
 -->

     This scenario indicates the
     applicability of a solution for only the MAMS control plane.</t>
      <t>In the capability exchange messages, the NCM and CCM negotiate that
     Convergence-layer and Adaptation-layer protocols are not needed (or
     supported).  The CCM informs the NCM of the availability of the LTE
     and Wi-Fi links.  The NCM determines the access links, Wi-Fi, or LTE
     to be used dynamically, based on the reported link quality measurements.</t>
      <figure anchor="figure_no_convergence" title="MAMS anchor="figure_no_convergence">
        <name>MAMS with No Convergence Layer"> Layer</name>
        <artwork align="center">
      <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+-----+   +---------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-----+   +------+
|     |   |         |   |         |   |         |   |     |   |      |
| CCM |   |  C-MADP |   |Wi-Fi N/W|   | LTE N/W |   | NCM |   |N-MADP|
+-----+   +---------+   +---------+   +---------+   +-----+   +------+
 +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |          1. LTE Session Setup and IP Address Allocation             |
 +------------------------------------------+-------------+----------+-+
  |2. MX Discover (MAMS Version, MCC/MNC )                |          |
  +-----------------------------------------+------------>|          |
  | 3. MX System Info (Serving NCM IP/Port address)       |          |
  |<------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|          |
  |             |             |             |             |          |
  |4. MX Capability REQ (Supported Anchor/Delivery Links (Wi-Fi, LTE)|
  +------------------------------------------------------>|          |
  |5. MX Capability RSP (No Convergence/Adaptation parameters)       |
  |<-----------------------------------------+------------+          |
  | 6. MX Capability ACK (ACCEPT)           |             |          |
  +-------------+-------------+-------------------------->|          |
  |             |             |             |             |          |
  |7. MX Meas Config (Wi-Fi/LTE Measurement Thresholds/Period)       |
  |<------------------------------------------------------|          |
  |8. MX Meas Report (LTE RSRP, UL/DL TPUT)               |          |
  |-----------------------------------------+------------>|          |
  |9. MX SSID Ind (List of SSIDs)           |             |          |
  |<------------------------------------------------------|          |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------++
|         10. Wi-Fi Connection Setup and IP Address Allocation        |
+-+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------++
  |             |             |             |             |          |
  |10. MX Reconfiguration REQ (LTE IP, Wi-Fi IP)          |          |
  |-----------------------------------------+------------>|          |
  |11. MX Reconfiguration RSP               |             |          |
  |<------------------------------------------------------|          |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------++
|    Initial Condition, Data over LTE link only, Wi-Fi link is poor   |
+---------------------------------------------------------+----------++
  |             |             |             |             |          |
  |12. MX Meas Report (Wi-Fi RSSI, LTE RSRP, UL/DL TPUT)  |+----------+
  |------------------------------------------------------>||Wi-Fi link|
  |             |             |             |             ||conditions|
  |             |             |             |             ||reported  |
  |             |             |             |             ||good      |
  |             |             |             |             |+----------+
  |             |             |             |             |          |
  |13. MX Traffic Steering REQ (UL/DL Access, TFTs)       |+----------+
  |<------------+-------------+-------------+-------------||Steer     |
  |             |             |             |             ||traffic to|
  |14. MX Traffic Steering RSP (...)        |             ||use Wi-Fi |
  |<------------+-------------+-------------+-------------||link      |
  |             |             |             |             |+----------+
  |             |             |             |             |          |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------++
|    Use Wi-Fi link for Data                                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------+----------++
  |             |             |             |             |          |
  +             +             +             +             +          +
      ]]>
    </artwork>

    ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
    </section>
    <section title="Coexistence numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Coexistence of MX Adaptation and MX Convergence Layers"> Layers</name>
      <t>The MAMS user plane supports multiple instances and combinations of
     protocols to be used at the MX Adaptation and the Convergence Layer.</t>
      <t>For example, one instance of the MX Convergence Layer can be MPTCP
     Proxy and another instance can be GMA.  The MX Adaptation for each can
     be either a UDP tunnel or IPsec.  IPsec may be set up when network path
     needs to be secured, e.g., to protect the TCP subflow traversing the
     network path between the client and the MPTCP proxy.</t>
      <t>Each instance of the MAMS user plane, i.e., combination of
     MX Convergence-layer and MX Adaptation-layer protocols, can coexist
     simultaneously and independently handle different traffic types.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Security Considerations">

  <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Security Considerations</name>
      <section numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS Control-Plane Security"> Security</name>
        <t>The NCM functional element is hosted on a network node that is assumed to be
       within a secure network, e.g., within the operator&apos;s operator's network, and is assumed to
       be protected against hijack attacks.</t>
        <t>For deployment scenarios where the client is configured (e.g., by the
       network operator) to use a specific network path for exchanging control&nbhy;plane
       messages and if the network path is assumed to be secure, MAMS control
       messages will rely on security provided by the underlying network.</t>
        <t>For deployment scenarios where the security of the network path cannot be
       assumed, NCM and CCM implementations MUST support the "wss" URI scheme
       <xref target="RFC6455"/> target="RFC6455" format="default"/> and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
       <xref target="RFC8446"/> target="RFC8446" format="default"/> to secure the exchange of control&nbhy;plane
       messages between the NCM and the CCM.</t>
        <t>For deployment scenarios where client authentication is desired, the WebSocket
       server can use any client authentication mechanisms available to a generic
       HTTP server, such as cookies, HTTP authentication, or TLS authentication.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>MAMS User-Plane Security"> Security</name>
        <t>User data in the MAMS framework relies on the security of the underlying
       network transport paths.  When this security cannot be assumed, the NCM
       configures the use of protocols (e.g., IPsec <xref target="RFC4301"/> target="RFC4301" format="default"/> <xref
       target="RFC3948"/>) target="RFC3948" format="default"/>) in the MX Adaptation Layer, for security.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section title="Implementation Considerations"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Implementation Considerations</name>
      <t>The MAMS architecture builds on commonly available functions on terminal
     devices, where these functions can be used to deliver software updates over
     popular end&nbhy;user device operating systems, thereby enabling rapid
     deployment and addressing the large base of deployed devices.</t>
      <!-- [rfced] Section 15:  We found this sentence difficult to follow.
We updated it as listed below.  If this update is incorrect, please
clarify the text.

Original:
 MAMS builds on commonly available functions available on terminal
 devices that can be delivered as a software update over the popular
 end-user device operating systems, enabling rapid deployment and
 addressing the large deployed device base.

Currently:
 The MAMS architecture builds on commonly available functions on
 terminal devices, where these functions can be used to deliver
 software updates over popular end-user device operating systems,
 thereby enabling rapid deployment and addressing the large base of
 deployed devices.
 -->
      <!-- [author1] Agree with the changes. Thanks.
 -->
    </section>
    <section title="Applicability numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Applicability to Multi-Access Edge Computing"> Computing</name>
      <t>Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), previously known as Mobile Edge
     Computing, is an access-edge cloud platform being considered at
     the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
     <xref target="ETSIMEC" />, format="default"/>, whose initial focus was to improve the QoE
     by leveraging intelligence at the cellular (e.g.,
     3GPP technologies like LTE) access edge, and the scope is now being
     extended to support access technologies beyond 3GPP.  The applicability of
     the framework described in this document to the MEC platform has been
     evaluated and tested in different network configurations by the authors.</t>
      <t>The NCM can be hosted on a MEC cloud server that is located in the
     user&nbhy;plane path at the edge of the multi-technology access network.
     The NCM and CCM can negotiate the network path combinations based on
     an application&apos;s application's needs and the necessary user&nbhy;plane protocols to be used
     across the multiple paths.  The network conditions reported by the
     CCM to the NCM can be complemented by a Radio Analytics application
     <xref target="ETSIRNIS"/> target="ETSIRNIS" format="default"/> residing at the MEC cloud server to configure the uplink and downlink
     access paths according to changing radio and congestion conditions.</t>
      <t>The user&nbhy;plane functional element, N-MADP, can either be collocated
     with the NCM at the MEC cloud server (e.g., MEC&nbhy;hosted applications)
     or placed at a separate network element like a common user&nbhy;plane
     gateway across the multiple networks.</t>
      <t>Also, even in scenarios where an N-MADP is not deployed, the NCM can be
     used to augment the traffic-steering decisions at the device.</t>
      <t>The aim of these enhancements is to improve the end user&apos;s user's QoE by
     leveraging the best network path based on an application&apos;s application's needs and network
     conditions, and building on the advantages of significantly reduced latency
     and the dynamic and real-time exposure of radio network information available
     at the MEC.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Related numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Related Work in Other Industry and Standards Forums"> Forums</name>
      <t>The MAMS framework described in this document has been incorporated
     or is proposed for incorporation as a solution to address multi&nbhy;access
     integration in multiple industry forums and standards.  This section describes
     the related work in other industry forums and the standards organizations.</t>
      <t>Wireless Broadband Alliance industry partners have published a
     white paper that describes the applicability of different technologies
     for multi&nbhy;access integration to different deployments as part of their
     "Unlicensed Integration with 5G Networks" project <xref target="WBAUnl5G"/>. target="WBAUnl5G" format="default"/>.
     The white paper includes the MAMS framework described in this document as
     a technology for integrating unlicensed (Wi&nbhy;Fi) networks with 5G networks
     above the 5G core network.</t>
      <t>The 3GPP is developing a technical report as part of its work item Study
     on Access Traffic Steering, Switching, and Splitting (ATSSS).  That
     report, TR 23.793 <xref target="ATSSS-3GPP-TR-23793"/>, target="ATSSS-3GPP-TR-23793" format="default"/>, contains a
     number of potential solutions; Solution 1 in
     <xref target="ATSSS-3GPP-TR-23793"/> target="ATSSS-3GPP-TR-23793" format="default"/> utilizes a separate control plane
     for the flexible negotiation of user&nbhy;plane protocols and path
     measurements in a way that is similar to the MAMS architecture described
     in this document.</t>
      <t>The Small Cell Forum (SCF) <xref target="SCFTECH5G" /> format="default"/> plans to develop a
     white paper as part of its work item on LTE/5G and Wi&nbhy;Fi.  There is a
     proposal to include MAMS in this white paper.</t>
      <t>The ETSI Multi-access Edge Computing Phase 2 technical work is examining
     many aspects of this work, including use cases for optimizing QoE and
     resource utilization.  The MAMS architecture and procedures outlined in this
     document are included in the ETSI&apos;s ETSI's use cases and requirements document
     <xref target="ETSIMAMS"/>.</t> target="ETSIMAMS" format="default"/>.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="IANA Considerations"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>IANA Considerations</name>
      <t>This document has no IANA actions.</t>
    </section>
  </middle>
  <back>

<references title="Normative References">
&rfc2119;
&rfc4301;
&rfc8174;
    <references>
      <name>References</name>
      <references>
        <name>Normative References</name>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.4301.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174.xml"/>
      </references>

<references title="Informative References">
&rfc2616;
&rfc2784;
&rfc2890;
&rfc3948;
&rfc4555;
&rfc4960;
&rfc6347;
      <references>
        <name>Informative References</name>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2616.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2784.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2890.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3948.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.4555.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.4960.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6347.xml"/>
        <!-- [rfced] Informative References:  RFC 6347 is not cited anywhere
in the text.  Please let us know where it should be cited (perhaps
in the last paragraph of Section 7.2?); otherwise, this listing will
be removed.

Original:
 [RFC6347]  Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
            Security Version 1.2", RFC 6347, DOI 10.17487/RFC6347,
            January 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6347>.
-->
        <!-- [author1] Added reference in Section 7.2
-->

&rfc6455;
&rfc6824;
&rfc7296;
&rfc8446;
&rfc8259;
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6455.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6824.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7296.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8446.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8259.xml"/>
        <!-- [rfced] The following references were cited in text but were not
listed in the References section.  We added listings for each of them
in the Informative References section.  Please let us know any
objections.

 RFC 6455
 RFC 5246 (obsoleted by RFC 8446; we updated accordingly)
 RFC 2616
 RFC 7159 (obsoleted by RFC 8259; we updated accordingly)
-->
        <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
        <!-- [rfced]
** Side note:  This document only has one instance of "JSONValue."
Should it have a corresponding JSON definition somewhere in this
document, along the lines of JSONString, JSONNumber, and JSONBool?
-->
        <!-- [author1] Removed mention of JSONValue which is unused in the specification.
-->
        <!-- [rfced]
Original:
 For deployment scenarios where the security of the network path
 cannot be assumed, NCM and CCM implementations MUST support the "wss"
 URI scheme [RFC6455] and Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC5246] to
 secure control plane message exchange between the NCM and CCM.
...
 For every API, there could be an error response in case the objective
 of API could not be met as defined in [RFC2616].
...
 The type
 JSONValue indicates a JSON value, as specified in Section 3 of
 [RFC7159].

Currently (text and Informative References):
 For deployment scenarios where the security of the network path
 cannot be assumed, NCM and CCM implementations MUST support the "wss"
 URI scheme [RFC6455] and Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC8446] to
 secure the exchange of control-plane messages between the NCM and
 the CCM.
-->
        <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
        <!-- [rfced]
 ...
 For every API, there could be an error response if the objective of
 the API could not be met; see [RFC2616].
-->
        <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
        <!-- [rfced]
 ...
 The type
 JSONValue indicates a JSON value as specified in Section 3 of
 [RFC8259].
-->
        <!-- [author1] This line has been deleted altogether, but reference to 8259 is used in Appendix C.
-->
        <!-- [rfced]
...
 [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
            Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
            Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC2616, June 1999,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2616>.
...
 [RFC6455]  Fette, I. and A. Melnikov, "The WebSocket Protocol",
            RFC 6455, DOI 10.17487/RFC6455, December 2011,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6455>.
...
 [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
            Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

 [RFC8446]  Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
            Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.
-->
        <!-- [author1] Thanks for adding the references.
-->
        <reference anchor='INTAREA-MAMS'> anchor="INTAREA-MAMS">
          <front>
            <title>User-Plane Protocols for Multiple Access Management Service</title>
            <seriesInfo name="Work in Progress," value="draft-zhu-intarea-mams-user-protocol-07"/>
            <author initials='J' surname='Zhu' fullname='Jing Zhu'>
    <organization /> initials="J" surname="Zhu" fullname="Jing Zhu">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='S' surname='Seo' fullname='SungHoon Seo'>
    <organization /> initials="S" surname="Seo" fullname="SungHoon Seo">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='S' surname='Kanugovi' fullname='Satish Kanugovi'>
    <organization /> initials="S" surname="Kanugovi" fullname="Satish Kanugovi">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='S' surname='Peng' fullname='Shuping Peng'>
    <organization /> initials="S" surname="Peng" fullname="Shuping Peng">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <date month='April' day='3' year='2019' /> month="April" day="3" year="2019"/>
          </front>

<seriesInfo name='Work in Progress,' value='draft-zhu-intarea-mams-user-protocol-07' />
        </reference>
        <reference anchor='INTAREA-GMA'> anchor="INTAREA-GMA">
          <front>
            <title>Generic Multi-Access (GMA) Convergence Encapsulation Protocols</title>
            <seriesInfo name="Work in Progress," value="draft-zhu-intarea-gma-03"/>
            <author initials='J' surname='Zhu' fullname='Jing Zhu'>
    <organization /> initials="J" surname="Zhu" fullname="Jing Zhu">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='S' surname='Kanugovi' fullname='Satish Kanugovi'>
    <organization /> initials="S" surname="Kanugovi" fullname="Satish Kanugovi">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <date month='June' day='4' year='2019' /> month="June" day="4" year="2019"/>
          </front>
<seriesInfo name='Work in Progress,' value='draft-zhu-intarea-gma-03' />
        </reference>
        <reference anchor='TCPM-CONVERTERS'> anchor="TCPM-CONVERTERS">
          <front>
            <title>0-RTT TCP Convert Protocol</title>
            <seriesInfo name="Work in Progress," value="draft-ietf-tcpm-converters-08"/>
            <author initials='O' surname='Bonaventure' fullname='Olivier Bonaventure'>
    <organization /> initials="O" surname="Bonaventure" fullname="Olivier Bonaventure">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='M' surname='Boucadair' fullname='Mohamed Boucadair'>
    <organization /> initials="M" surname="Boucadair" fullname="Mohamed Boucadair">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='S' surname='Gundavelli' fullname='Sri Gundavelli'>
    <organization /> initials="S" surname="Gundavelli" fullname="Sri Gundavelli">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='S' surname='Seo' fullname='SungHoon Seo'>
    <organization /> initials="S" surname="Seo" fullname="SungHoon Seo">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='B' surname='Hesmans' fullname='Benjamin Hesmans'>
    <organization /> initials="B" surname="Hesmans" fullname="Benjamin Hesmans">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <date month='June' day='19' year='2019' /> month="June" day="19" year="2019"/>
          </front>
<seriesInfo name='Work in Progress,' value='draft-ietf-tcpm-converters-08' />
        </reference>
        <reference anchor='QUIC-MULTIPATH'> anchor="QUIC-MULTIPATH">
          <front>
            <title>Multipath Extensions for QUIC (MP-QUIC)</title>
            <seriesInfo name="Work in Progress," value="draft-deconinck-quic-multipath-02"/>
            <author initials='Q' surname='Coninck' fullname='Quentin Coninck'>
    <organization /> initials="Q" surname="Coninck" fullname="Quentin Coninck">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <author initials='O' surname='Bonaventure' fullname='Olivier Bonaventure'>
    <organization /> initials="O" surname="Bonaventure" fullname="Olivier Bonaventure">
              <organization/>
            </author>
            <date month='March' year='2019' /> month="March" year="2019"/>
          </front>
<seriesInfo name='Work in Progress,' value='draft-deconinck-quic-multipath-02' />
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="ETSIRNIS" target="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/MEC/001_099/012/01.01.01_60/gs_MEC012v010101p.pdf">
          <front>
            <title>Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) Radio Network Information API</title>
            <seriesInfo name="ETSI GS MEC 012" value="v1.1.1"/>
            <author>
              <organization>European Telecommunications Standards Institute</organization>
            </author>
            <date month="July" year="2017"/>
          </front>
 <seriesInfo name="ETSI GS MEC 012" value="v1.1.1"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="ANDSF" target="https://www.3gpp.org/ftp//Specs/archive/24_series/24.312/24312-f00.zip">
          <front>
            <title>Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) Management
     Object (MO)</title>
            <seriesInfo name="3GPP TS 24.312" value="version 15.0.0"/>
            <seriesInfo name="Technical Specification Group" value="Core Network and Terminals"/>
            <author>
              <organization>3rd Generation Partnership Project</organization>
            </author>
            <date month="June" year="2018"/>
          </front>
 <seriesInfo name="Technical Specification Group" value="Core Network and Terminals"/>
 <seriesInfo name="3GPP TS 24.312" value="version 15.0.0"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="ServDesc3GPP" target="https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/23_series/23.060/23060-g00.zip">
          <front>
            <title>General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2</title>
            <seriesInfo name="3GPP TS 23.060" value="version 16.0.0"/>
            <seriesInfo name="Technical Specification Group" value="Services and System Aspects"/>
            <author>
              <organization>3rd Generation Partnership Project</organization>
            </author>
            <date month="March" year="2019"/>
          </front>
 <seriesInfo name="Technical Specification Group" value="Services and System Aspects"/>
 <seriesInfo name="3GPP TS 23.060" value="version 16.0.0"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="IEEE-80211" target="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7786995">
          <front>
            <title>IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and
 information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area
 networks-Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications</title>
            <seriesInfo name="IEEE" value="802.11-2016"/>
            <author>
              <organization>IEEE</organization>
            </author>
            <date/>
          </front>
 <seriesInfo name="IEEE" value="802.11-2016"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="WBAUnl5G" target="https://wballiance.com/resource/unlicensed-integration-with-5g-networks/">
          <front>
            <title>Unlicensed Integration with 5G Networks</title>
            <author>
              <organization>Wireless Broadband Alliance</organization>
            </author>
            <date/>
          </front>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="ATSSS-3GPP-TR-23793" target="https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/23_series/23.793/">
          <front>
            <title>Study on access traffic steering, switch and splitting support in the 5G System (5GS) architecture</title>
            <seriesInfo name="Work in Progress," value="3GPP TR 23.793 v16.0.0"/>
            <author>
              <organization>3rd Generation Partnership Project</organization>
            </author>
            <date month="December" year="2018"/>
          </front>
 <seriesInfo name="Work in Progress," value="3GPP TR 23.793 v16.0.0"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="ITU-E212" target="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.212-201609-I/en">
          <front>
            <title>The international identification plan for public networks and
 subscriptions</title>
            <seriesInfo name="ITU-T Recommendation" value="E.212"/>
            <author>
              <organization>International Telecommunication Union</organization>
            </author>
            <date month="September" year="2016"/>
          </front>
 <seriesInfo name="ITU-T Recommendation" value="E.212"/>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="SCFTECH5G" target="https://scf.io/">
          <front>
            <title>Small Cell Forum</title>
            <author/>
            <date/>
          </front>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="ETSIMEC" target="https://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/multi-access-edge-computing">
          <front>
            <title>Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC)</title>
            <author>
              <organization>European Telecommunications Standards Institute</organization>
            </author>
            <date/>
          </front>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="ETSIMAMS" target="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/MEC/001_099/002/02.01.01_60/gs_MEC002v020101p.pdf">
          <front>
            <title>Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Phase 2: Use Cases and Requirements   </title>
            <seriesInfo name="ETSI GS MEC 002" value="v2.1.1"/>
            <author>
              <organization>European Telecommunications Standards Institute</organization>
            </author>
            <date month="October" year="2018"/>
          </front>
 <seriesInfo name="ETSI GS MEC 002" value="v2.1.1"/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </references>
    <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>MAMS Control-Plane Optimization over Secure Connections"> Connections</name>
      <t>This appendix is informative, and provides indicative information
     about how MAMS operates.</t>
      <t>If the connection between the CCM and the NCM over which the MAMS
     control&nbhy;plane messages are transported is assumed to be secure, UDP is
     used as the transport for management and control messages between the
     NCM and the CCM (see <xref target="figure19" />).</t> format="default"/>).</t>
      <figure anchor="figure19" title="UDP-Based anchor="figure19">
        <name>UDP-Based MAMS Control-Plane Protocol Stack"> Stack</name>
        <artwork align="center">
      <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+-----------------------------------------------------+
|        Multi-Access (MX) Control Message            |
|-----------------------------------------------------|
|                      UDP                            |
|-----------------------------------------------------|
      ]]>
    </artwork>

    ]]></artwork>
      </figure>
    </section>
    <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>MAMS Application Interface"> Interface</name>
      <t>This appendix describes the MAMS Application Interface.  It does not
     provide normative text for the definition of the MAMS framework or protocols,
     but offers additional information that may be used to construct a system
     based on the MAMS framework.</t>
      <section title="Overall Design"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Overall Design</name>
        <t>The CCM hosts an HTTPS server for applications to communicate and request
       services.  This document assumes, from a security point of view, that
       all CCMs and the communicating application instances are hosted in a
       single administrative domain.</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Appendix B.1:  Does "all CCM and the communicating
Application instances" mean "all CCMs and the communicating
application instances," "all CCM instances and communicating
application instances," or something else?

Original:
 It is assumed in this draft that all CCM and the
 communicating Application instances are hosted in a single
 administrative domain from security point of view.

Possibly (guessing that "all CCMs" might be correct):
 This document assumes, from a security point of view, that all CCMs
 and the communicating application instances are hosted in a single
 administrative domain.
-->
        <!-- [author1] Agreed and incorporated the suggested change.
-->
        <t>The content of messages is desecribed in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
       format.  They offer RESTful APIs for communication.</t>
        <t>The exact mechanism regarding how the application knows about the endpoint of
       the CCM is out of scope for this document.  This mechanism may instead be
       provided as part of the application settings.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="Notation"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Notation</name>
        <t>The documentation of APIs is provided in the OpenAPI format, using
       Swagger v2.0. See <xref target="CCM_APP_APIs"/>.</t> target="CCM_APP_APIs" format="default"/>.</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Appendix B.2:  Please clarify "TBD - Add section in
appendix" here.  Is some text missing?  (Perhaps "(TBD - Add section
in appendix)" should be "(Appendix D)" (where we see "OpenAPI" and
"Swagger 2.0" mentioned again)?

Original:
 The documentation of APIs are provided in OpenAPI format using
 swagger v2.0 (TBD - Add section in appendix)
-->
        <!-- [author1] replaced TBD with reference to appropriate section
-->
      </section>
      <section title="Error Indication"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Error Indication</name>
        <t>For every API, there could be an error response if the objective of the API
       could not be met; see <xref target="RFC2616"/>.</t> target="RFC2616" format="default"/>.</t>
      </section>
      <section title="CCM APIs"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>CCM APIs</name>
        <t>The following subsections describe the APIs exposed by the CCM to the
       applications.</t>
        <section title="GET Capabilities"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>GET Capabilities</name>
          <t>The CCM provides an HTTPS GET interface as "/ccm/v1.0/capabilities" for the
            application to query the capabilities supported by the CCM instance.</t>
          <figure anchor="figure_ccm_api_get" title="CCM anchor="figure_ccm_api_get">
            <name>CCM API - GET Procedures"> Procedures</name>
            <artwork align="center">
             <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+---------+                                            +------------+
|         |                                            |            |
|   App   |--------- HTTPS GET / Capabilities -------->|     CCM    |
|         |                                            |            |
+---------+                                            +------------+
             ]]>
           </artwork>

           ]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <t>The CCM shall provide information regarding its capabilities as follows:
            <list style="symbols">
              <t>Supported
          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>Supported Features: One of more of the "Feature Name" values, as defined
                 in the MX Feature Activation List parameter of the MX Capability REQ
                 message (<xref target="feat_act_stat"/>).</t> target="feat_act_stat" format="default"/>).</li>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendix B.4.1:  It appears that some words are missing
from this sentence.  Please clarify "One of more of as defined."

Original:
 o  Supported Features: One of more of as defined in MX Feature
    Activation List parameter of MX Capability REQ.
-->
            <!-- [author1] Rephrased to address the comment.
-->

              <t>Supported
            <li>Supported Connections: Supported connection types and connection IDs.</t>
              <t>Supported IDs.</li>
            <li>Supported MX Adaptation Layers: List of MX Adaptation Layer protocols
                 supported by the N-MADP instance, along with the connection type where these
                 are supported and their respective parameters.</t>
              <t>Supported parameters.</li>
            <li>Supported MX Convergence Layers: List of supported MX Convergence Layer
                 protocols, along with the parameters associated with the respective convergence
                 technique.</t>
            </list></t>
                 technique.</li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <section title="Posting numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Posting Application Requirements"> Requirements</name>
          <t>The CCM provides an HTTPS POST interface as "/ccm/v1.0/app_requirements" for
            the application to post the needs of the application data streams to the CCM
            instance.</t>
          <figure anchor="figure_ccm_api_post" title="CCM anchor="figure_ccm_api_post">
            <name>CCM API - POST Procedures"> Procedures</name>
            <artwork align="center">
             <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+---------+                                            +-----------+
|         |                                            |           |
|   App   |----------HTTPS POST / App Requirements---->|    CCM    |
|         |                                            |           |
+---------+                                            +-----------+
             ]]>
           </artwork>

           ]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <t>The CCM shall provide for the application to post the following requirements
            for its different data streams:

            <list style="symbols">
               <t>Number

          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>Number of Data Stream Types.</t> Types.</li>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendix B.4.2:  Please clarify the meaning of
"For each data stream type, the following link feature preferences,"

Original:
 o  Number of data stream types For each data stream type, the
    following link feature preferences,
-->
            <!-- [author1] Two bullets got merged into one by mistake. Fixed that and also
rephrased to address the comment for clarifying text.
-->
            <li>
              <t>For each data stream type, specify the following parameters for the link,
                  which are preferred by the Application:
                  <list style="symbols">
                    <t>Protocol
              </t>
              <ul spacing="normal">
                <li>Protocol Type: Transport-layer protocol associated with the application data
                       stream packets.</t>
                    <t>Port packets.</li>
                <li>Port Range: Supported connection types and connection IDs.</t> IDs.</li>
                <li>
                  <t>Traffic QoS: Quality of service parameters, as follows:
                       <list style="symbols">
                         <t>Bandwidth</t>
                         <t>Latency</t>
                         <t>Jitter</t>
                       </list></t>
                  </list></t>
            </list></t>
                  </t>
                  <ul spacing="normal">
                    <li>Bandwidth</li>
                    <li>Latency</li>
                    <li>Jitter</li>
                  </ul>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <section title="Getting numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Getting Predictive Link Parameters"> Parameters</name>
          <t>The CCM provides an HTTPS GET interface as "/ccm/v1.0/predictive_link_params" for
            the application to get the predicted link parameters from the CCM instance.</t>
          <figure anchor="figure_ccm_api_get_prediction" title="CCM anchor="figure_ccm_api_get_prediction">
            <name>CCM API - Getting Predictive Link Parameters"> Parameters</name>
            <artwork align="center">
             <![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[

+---------+                                             +-----------+
|         |                                             |           |
|   App   |-------HTTPS GET / Predictive Link Params--->|    CCM    |
|         |                                             |           |
+---------+                                             +-----------+
             ]]>
           </artwork>

           ]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <t>The CCM asks the NCM for link parameters via the MAMS Network Analytics
            Request Procedure (<xref target="network_analytics_section" />) format="default"/>) and includes
            the information in response to the API invocation.

            <list style="symbols">

          </t>
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Number of Delivery Connections.
                 <vspace blankLines="1"/>
              </t>
              <t>
                 For each delivery connection, include the following:
                 <list style="symbols">
              </t>
              <ul spacing="normal">
                <li>
                  <t>Access Link Identifier:
                      <list style="symbols">
                        <t>Connection Type</t>
                        <t>Connection ID</t>
                      </list></t>
                  </t>
                  <ul spacing="normal">
                    <li>Connection Type</li>
                    <li>Connection ID</li>
                  </ul>
                </li>
                <li>
                  <t>Link Quality Indicator
                      <list style="symbols">
                  </t>
                  <ul spacing="normal">
                    <li>
                      <t>Bandwidth:
                           <list style="symbols">
                             <t>Predicted
                      </t>
                      <ul spacing="normal">
                        <li>Predicted Value (Mbps)</t>
                             <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                             <t>Prediction (Mbps)</li>
                        <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                        <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                           </list></t> seconds)</li>
                      </ul>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                      <t>Jitter:
                           <list style="symbols">
                             <t>Predicted
                      </t>
                      <ul spacing="normal">
                        <li>Predicted Value (in seconds)</t>
                             <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                             <t>Prediction seconds)</li>
                        <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                        <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                           </list></t> seconds)</li>
                      </ul>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                      <t>Latency:
                           <list style="symbols">
                             <t>Predicted
                      </t>
                      <ul spacing="normal">
                        <li>Predicted Value (in seconds)</t>
                             <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                             <t>Prediction seconds)</li>
                        <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                        <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                           </list></t> seconds)</li>
                      </ul>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                      <t>Signal Quality
                           <list style="symbols">
                             <t>If
                      </t>
                      <ul spacing="normal">
                        <li>If delivery connection type is "LTE", LTE_RSRP Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                             <t>If (dBm)</li>
                        <li>If delivery connection type is "LTE", LTE_RSRQ Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                             <t>If (dBm)</li>
                        <li>If delivery connection type is "5G NR", NR_RSRP Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                             <t>If (dBm)</li>
                        <li>If delivery connection type is "5G NR", NR_RSRQ Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                             <t>If (dBm)</li>
                        <li>If delivery connection type is "Wi-Fi", WLAN_RSSI Predicted Value (dBm)</t>
                             <t>Likelihood (percent)</t>
                             <t>Prediction (dBm)</li>
                        <li>Likelihood (percent)</li>
                        <li>Prediction Validity (Validity Time, in seconds)</t>
                           </list></t>
                      </list></t>
                 </list></t>
            </list></t> seconds)</li>
                      </ul>
                    </li>
                  </ul>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section title = "MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>MAMS Control Plane Messages Described Using JSON"> JSON</name>
      <t>MAMS control-plane messages are exchanged between the CCM and the
     NCM.  This non-normative appendix describes the format and content of
     messages using JSON <xref target="RFC8259"/>.</t> target="RFC8259" format="default"/>.</t>
      <section title="Protocol numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Protocol Specification: General Processing"> Processing</name>
        <section title="Notation"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Notation</name>
          <t>This document uses JSONString, JSONNumber, and JSONBool to
         indicate the JSON string, number, and boolean types,
         respectively.</t>
          <t>This document uses an adaptation of the C-style struct
         notation to describe JSON objects.  A JSON object consists of
         name/value pairs.  This document refers to each pair as a
         field.  In some contexts, this document also refers to a field as
         an attribute.  The name of a field/attribute may be referred to
         as the key.  An optional field is enclosed by "[ ]".  In the
         definitions, the JSON names of the fields are case
         sensitive.  An array is indicated by two numbers in angle
         brackets, &lt;m..n&gt;, where m indicates the minimal number of
         values and n is the maximum.  When this document uses * for n,
         it means no upper bound.</t>
          <t>For example, the text below describes a new type Type4, with
         three fields: "name1", "name2", and "name3", respectively. The
         "name3" field is optional, and the "name2" field  is an array
         of at least one value.</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
    object { Type1 name1; Type2 name2 <1..*>; [Type3 name3;] } Type4;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>This document uses subtyping to denote that one type is derived from
         another type.  The example below denotes that TypeDerived is derived
         from TypeBase.  TypeDerived includes all fields defined in TypeBase.
         If TypeBase does not have a "name1" field, TypeDerived will have a
         new field called "name1".  If TypeBase already has a field called
         "name1" but with a different type, TypeDerived will have a
         field called "name1" with the type defined in TypeDerived
         (i.e., Type1 in the example).</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
    object { Type1 name1; } TypeDerived : TypeBase;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>Note that, despite the notation, no standard, machine-readable
         interface definition or schema is provided in this document. Extension
         documents may describe these as necessary.</t>
          <!-- [author1] Added text below, per [rfced] suggestion to address long JSON strings, similar to that in RFC 8620-->
          <t>For compatibility with publishing requirements, line breaks have been
         inserted inside long JSON strings, with the following continuation
         lines indented.  To form the valid JSON example, any line breaks
         inside a string must be replaced with a space and any other white
         space after the line break removed.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Discovery Procedure">
       <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Discovery Procedure</name>
          <section numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX Discover Message"> Message</name>
            <t>This message is the first message sent by the CCM to discover the
            presence of NCM in the network.  It contains only the base information
            as described in <xref target="mx_base"/> target="mx_base" format="default"/> with message_type set as
            mx_discover.</t>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

          <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         [JSONString MCC_MNC_Tuple;]
      } MXDiscover : MXBase;
          ]]></artwork></figure>
          ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="System numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>System Information Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX System Information Message"> Message</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM to inform the
            endpoints that the NCM supports MAMS functionality.  In addition to
            the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it contains the
            following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>NCM
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>NCM Connections (<xref target="ncm_connx"/>).</t>
            </list></t> target="ncm_connx" format="default"/>).</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         NCMConnections ncm_connections;
      } MXSystemInfo : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Capability numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Capability Exchange Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX Capability Request"> Request</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the CCM to the NCM to indicate the capabilities
            of the CCM instance available to the NCM indicated in the System Info
            message earlier.  In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>),
            it contains the following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Features
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Features and their activation status: See <xref target="feat_act_stat"/>.</t>
              <t>Number target="feat_act_stat" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Number of Anchor Connections: The number of anchor connections (toward the
                 core) supported by the NCM.</t>
              <t>Anchor NCM.</li>
              <li>Anchor connections: See <xref target="anchor_conn"/>.</t>
              <t>Number target="anchor_conn" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Number of Delivery Connections: The number of delivery connections
                 (toward the access) supported by the NCM.</t>
              <t>Delivery NCM.</li>
              <li>Delivery connections: See <xref target="delivery_conn"/>.</t>
              <t>Convergence target="delivery_conn" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Convergence methods: See <xref target="conv_methods"/>.</t>
              <t>Adaptation target="conv_methods" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Adaptation methods: See <xref target="adapt_methods"/>.</t>
            </list></t> target="adapt_methods" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         FeaturesActive feature_active;
         JSONNumber num_anchor_connections;
         AnchorConnections anchor_connections;
         JSONNumber num_delivery_connections;
         DeliveryConnections delivery_connections;
         ConvergenceMethods convergence_methods;
         AdaptationMethods adaptation_methods
      } MXCapabilityReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX Capability Response"> Response</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM to indicate the
            capabilities of the NCM instance and unique session identifier
            for the CCM.  In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>),
            it contains the following information:

            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Features

            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Features and their activation status: See <xref target="feat_act_stat"/>.</t>
              <t>Number target="feat_act_stat" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Number of Anchor Connections: The number of anchor connections
              (toward the core) supported by the NCM.</t>
              <t>Anchor NCM.</li>
              <li>Anchor connections: See <xref target="anchor_conn"/>.</t>
              <t>Number target="anchor_conn" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Number of Delivery Connections: The number of delivery connections
                 (toward the access) supported by the NCM.</t>
              <t>Delivery NCM.</li>
              <li>Delivery connections: See <xref target="delivery_conn"/>.</t>
              <t>Convergence target="delivery_conn" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Convergence methods: See <xref target="conv_methods"/>.</t>
              <t>Adaptation target="conv_methods" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Adaptation methods: See <xref target="adapt_methods"/>.</t>
              <t>Unique target="adapt_methods" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Unique Session ID: This uniquely identifies the session between the
                 CCM and the NCM in a network. See <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
            </list></t> target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         FeaturesActive feature_active;
         JSONNumber num_anchor_connections;
         AnchorConnections anchor_connections;
         JSONNumber num_delivery_connections;
         DeliveryConnections delivery_connections;
         ConvergenceMethods convergence_methods;
         AdaptationMethods adaptation_methods
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
      } MXCapabilityRsq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX Capability Acknowledge"> Acknowledge</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the CCM to the NCM to indicate acceptance of
            capabilities advertised by the NCM in an earlier MX Capability Response
            message. In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>),
            it contains the following information:

            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique

            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: Same identifier as the identifier provided in
                 the MX Capability RSP. See <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
              <t>Capability target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Capability Acknowledgment: Indicates either acceptance or rejection
                 of the capabilities sent by the CCM. Can use either "MX_ACCEPT" or
                "MX_REJECT" as acceptable values.</t>
            </list></t> values.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         JSONString capability_ack;
      } MXCapabilityAck : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="User-Plane numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>User-Plane Configuration Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX User-Plane Configuration Request"> Request</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM to configure the user
            plane for MAMS.  In addition to the base information (<xref
            target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it contains the following information:

            <list style="format (%c)">
               <t>Number

            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Number of Anchor Connections: The number of anchor connections supported by the NCM.</t>
               <t>Setup NCM.</li>
              <li>Setup of anchor connections: See <xref target="setup_anchor_conn"/>.</t>
            </list></t> target="setup_anchor_conn" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber num_anchor_connections;
         SetupAnchorConns anchor_connections;
      } MXUPSetupConfigReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX User-Plane Configuration Confirmation"> Confirmation</name>
            <t>This message is the confirmation of the user&nbhy;plane setup
            message sent from the CCM after successfully configuring the
            user plane on the user equipment.  This message contains the
            following information:

            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique

            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: Same identifier as the identifier provided in the MX Capability RSP. See <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t> target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>
                <t>MX probe parameters (included if probing is supported).
                 <list style="format (%d)">
                   <t>Probe
                </t>
                <ol spacing="normal" type="(%d)">
                  <li>Probe Port: UDP port for accepting probe message.</t>
                   <t>Anchor message.</li>
                  <li>Anchor connection ID: Identifier of the anchor connection to be
                      used for probe function. Provided in the user&nbhy;plane setup
                      request.</t>
                   <t>MX
                      request.</li>
                  <li>MX Configuration ID: This parameter is included, only, if the MX
                      Configuration ID parameter is available from the user&nbhy;plane
                      setup configuration.  Indicates MX configuration ID of the anchor
                      connection to be used for probe function.</t> function.</li>
                  <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.5.2:  This sentence does not parse  Please
clarify "connection, which configuration id is to be used for probe,
this ..."

Original:
 (3)  MX Configuration Id: For the given anchor connection, which
      configuration id is to be used for probe, this is present
      only if provided in the user plane setup request.
-->
                  <!-- [author1] Rephrased to address the comment to clarify the text.
-->

                 </list></t>
                </ol>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>The following information is required for each delivery connection:
                 <list style="format (%d)">
                   <t>Connection
                </t>
                <ol spacing="normal" type="(%d)">
                  <li>Connection ID: Delivery connection ID supported by UE.</t>
                   <t>Client UE.</li>
                  <li>Client Adaptation-Layer Parameters: If the UDP Adaptation Layer
                      is in use, then the UDP port to be used on the C&nbhy;MADP side.</t>
                 </list></t>
            </list></t> side.</li>
                </ol>
              </li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

            <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         [ProbeParam probe_param;]
         JSONNumber num_delivery_conn;
         ClientParam client_params <1...*>;
      } MXUPSetupConfigCnf : MXBase;
            ]]></artwork></figure>
            ]]></artwork>
            <t>Where ProbeParam is defined as follows:</t>

            <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber probe_port;
         JSONNumber anchor_conn_id;
         [JSONNumber mx_configuration_id;]
      } ProbeParam;
            ]]></artwork></figure>
            ]]></artwork>
            <t>Where ClientParam is defined as follows:</t>

            <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         [AdaptationParam adapt_param;]
      } ClientParam;
            ]]></artwork></figure>
            ]]></artwork>
            <t>Where AdaptationParam is defined as follows:</t>

            <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber udp_adapt_port;
      } AdaptationParam;
            ]]></artwork></figure>
            ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Reconfiguration Procedure"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Reconfiguration Procedure</name>
          <section title="Reconfiguration Request"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Reconfiguration Request</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the CCM to the NCM in the case of
            reconfiguration of any of the connections from the user equipment&apos;s equipment's
            side.  In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it
            contains the following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: Identifier for the CCM-NCM association <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
              <t>Reconfiguration target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Reconfiguration Action: The reconfiguration action type can be one
                 of "setup", "release" or "modify".</t>
              <t>Connection "modify".</li>
              <li>Connection ID: Connection ID for which the reconfiguration is
                 taking place.</t>
              <t>IP place.</li>
              <li>IP address: Included, if Reconfiguration Action is "setup" or "modify".</t> "modify".</li>
              <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.6.1:  Please clarify the meaning of
"IP address in case of setup and modify type of reconfiguration."

Original:
 (d)  IP address: IP address in case of setup and modify type of
      reconfiguration.
-->
              <!-- [author1] Rephrased to address the comment to clarify the text.
-->

              <t>SSID:
              <li>SSID: If the connection type is Wi&nbhy;Fi, in that case the SSID the
                 UE has attached to is contained in this parameter. </t>
              <t>MTU </li>
              <li>MTU of the connection: The MTU of the delivery path that is
                 calculated at the UE for use by the NCM to configure fragmentation and
                 concatenation procedures at the N&nbhy;MADP.</t>
              <t>Connection N&nbhy;MADP.</li>
              <li>Connection Status: This parameter indicates whether the connection is currently "disabled", "enabled" or "connected". Default: "connected".</t>
              <t>Delivery "connected".</li>
              <li>Delivery Node ID: Identity of the node to which the client is
                 attached.  ECGI in the case of LTE, and a Wi&nbhy;Fi AP ID or a
                 MAC address in the case of Wi&nbhy;Fi.</t>
            </list></t> Wi&nbhy;Fi.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         JSONString reconf_action;
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONString ip_address;
         JSONString ssid;
         JSONNumber mtu_size;
         JSONString connection_status;
         [JSONString delivery_node_id;]
      } MXReconfReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.6.1:  We changed "JSONSring" to
"JSONString" here.  Please let us know any concerns (i.e., is
"JSONSring" an unchangeable string in code?).

Original:
 [JSONSring delivery_node_id;]

Currently:
 [JSONString delivery_node_id;]
-->
            <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
          </section>
          <section title="Reconfiguration Response"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Reconfiguration Response</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM as a confirmation of the
            received Reconfiguration Request message and contains only the base
            information (as defined in <xref target="mx_base"/>).</t> target="mx_base" format="default"/>).</t>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.6.2:  We had trouble following this
sentence.  Please clarify "confirmation towards reconfiguration
requirement" and "taking the reconfiguration into use."

Original:
 This message is sent by NCM to CCM as a confirmation towards
 reconfiguration requirement after taking the reconfiguration into use
 and contains only the base information (as defined in
 Appendix C.2.1).
-->
            <!-- [author1] Rephrased to address the comment to clarify the text.
-->
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
      } MXReconfRsp : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Path numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Path Estimation Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <section title="Path numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Path Estimation Request"> Request</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM toward the CCM to configure the CCM to
            send Path Estimation Results.  In addition to the base information (<xref
            target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it contains the following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Connection
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Connection ID: ID of the connection for which the path estimation report is required.</t>
              <t>Init required.</li>
              <li>Init Probe Test Duration: Duration of initial probe test, in milliseconds.</t>
              <t>Init milliseconds.</li>
              <li>Init Probe Test Rate: Initial testing rate, in megabits per second.</t>
              <t>Init second.</li>
              <li>Init Probe Size: Size of each packet for initial probe, in bytes.</t>
              <t>Init bytes.</li>
              <li>Init Probe ACK: If an acknowledgment for probe is required. (Possible values: "yes", "no")</t>
              <t>Active "no")</li>
              <li>Active Probe Frequency:  Frequency, in milliseconds, at which the active probes shall be sent.</t>
              <t>Active sent.</li>
              <li>Active Probe Size: Size of the active probe, in bytes.</t>
              <t>Active bytes.</li>
              <li>Active Probe Duration: Duration, in seconds, for which the active probe shall be performed.</t> performed.</li>
              <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.7.1:  Please provide the missing
information for the following "TBD" items.

Original:
 (b)  Init Probe Test Duration: Duration of initial probe test in
      milliseconds.  [TBD: Range of values]
 (c)  Init Probe Test Rate: Initial testing rate in Mega Bits per
      Second.  [TBD: Range of values]
 (d)  Init Probe Size: Size of each packet for initial probe in Bytes.
      [TBD: Range of values]
 (e)  Init Probe Ack: If an acknowledgement for probe is required.
      [Possible values: "yes", "no"]
 (f)  Active Probe Frequency: Frequency in milliseconds at which the
      active probes shall be sent.  [TBD: Range of values]
 (g)  Active Probe Size: Size of the active probe in Bytes.  [TBD:
      Range of values]
 (h)  Active Probe Duration: Duration in seconds for which the active
      probe shall be performed.  [TBD.  Range of values]
-->
              <!-- [author1] Removed TBD. The specification of these values is outside the scope of this document.
-->

              <t>Active
              <li>Active Probe ACK: If an acknowledgment for probe is required. (Possible values: "yes", "no")</t>
            </list></t> "no")</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONNumber init_probe_test_duration_ms;
         JSONNumber init_probe_test_rate_Mbps;
         JSONNumber init_probe_size_bytes;
         JSONString init_probe_ack_req;
         JSONNumber active_probe_freq_ms;
         JSONNumber active_probe_size_bytes;
         JSONNumber active_probe_duration_sec;
         JSONString active_probe_ack_req;
      } MXPathEstReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="Path numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Path Estimation Results"> Results</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the CCM to the NCM as report to the probe estimation configured
            by the NCM.  In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it contains
            the following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: Same identifier as the identifier provided in the MX Capability
                 RSP.  See <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
              <t>Connection target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Connection ID: ID of the connection for which the Path Estimation Results message is required.</t>
              <t>Init required.</li>
              <li>Init Probe Results: See <xref target="init_probe_res"/>.</t>
              <t>Active target="init_probe_res" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Active Probe Results: See <xref target="act_probe_res"/>.</t>
            </list></t> target="act_probe_res" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         [InitProbeResults init_probe_results;]
         [ActiveProbeResults active_probe_results;]
      } MXPathEstResults : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Traffic-Steering Procedure"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Traffic-Steering Procedure</name>
          <section title="Traffic numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Traffic Steering Request Message"> Message</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM, to enable traffic
            steering on the delivery side in uplink and downlink
            configurations. In addition to the base information (<xref
            target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it contains the following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Connection
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Connection ID: Anchor connection number for which the traffic steering is being defined.</t>
              <t>MX defined.</li>
              <li>MX Configuration ID: MX configuration for which the traffic steering is being defined.</t>
              <t>Downlink defined.</li>
              <li>Downlink Delivery: See <xref target="dl_delivery"/>.</t>
              <t>Default target="dl_delivery" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Default UL Delivery: The default delivery connection
                 for the uplink.  All traffic should be delivered on this
                 connection in the uplink direction, and the Traffic Flow
                 Template (TFT) filter should be applied only for the traffic
                 mentioned in Uplink Delivery.</t>
              <t>Uplink Delivery.</li>
              <li>Uplink Delivery: See <xref target="ul_delivery"/>.</t>
              <t>Features target="ul_delivery" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Features and their activation status: See <xref target="feat_act_stat"/>.</t>
            </list></t> target="feat_act_stat" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         [JSONNumber mx_configuration_id;]
         DLDelivery downlink_delivery;
         JSONNumber default_uplink_delivery;
         ULDelivery uplink_delivery;
         FeaturesActive feature_activation;
      } MXTrafficSteeringReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendices C.1.8.1 and C.1.8.2:  Should
"MXTraffiSteeringReq" and "MXTraffiSteeringResp" be
"MXTrafficSteeringReq" and "MXTrafficSteeringResp"?
(In other words, the "c" in "Traffic" appears to be missing.)

Original:
 } MXTraffiSteeringReq : MXBase;
...
 } MXTraffiSteeringResp : MXBase;
-->
            <!-- [author1] OK. Thanks.
-->
          </section>
          <section title="Traffic numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Traffic Steering Response Message"> Message</name>
            <t>This message is a response to a Traffic Steering Request from
            the CCM to the NCM. In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>),
            it contains the following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: Same identifier as the identifier provided in the MX Capability RSP. See <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
              <t>Features target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Features and their activation status: See <xref target="feat_act_stat"/>.</t>
            </list></t> target="feat_act_stat" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         FeaturesActive feature_activation;
      } MXTrafficSteeringResp : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MAMS Application MADP Association"> Association</name>
          <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MAMS Application MADP Association Request"> Request</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the CCM to the NCM to select MADP instances
            provided earlier in the user-plane setup request, based on requirements for the
            applications.</t>
            <t>In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it contains the following:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: This uniquely identifies the session between the CCM and
                 the NCM in a network.  See <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>. </t> target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>. </li>
              <li>
                <t>A list of MX Application MADP Associations, with each entry as follows:

<!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.9.1:  This sentence did not parse.
We updated it as follows.  Please let us know if this is incorrect.

Original:
 Described in Appendix C.2.2, and a
 list of following MX Application MADP Associations

Currently:
 See Appendix C.2.2.  A list
 of MX Application MADP Associations is as follows:
-->

<!-- [author1] Accepted with modifications to clarify the text.
-->

                 <list style="format (%d)">
                   <t>Connection

                </t>
                <ol spacing="normal" type="(%d)">
                  <li>Connection ID: Represents the anchor connection number of the MADP instance.</t>
                   <t>MX instance.</li>
                  <li>MX Configuration ID: Identifies the MX configuration of the MADP instance.</t>
                   <t>Traffic instance.</li>
                  <li>Traffic Flow Template Uplink: Traffic Flow Template, as defined in <xref target="tft"/>, target="tft" format="default"/>, to be used in
                      the uplink direction.</t>
                   <t>Traffic direction.</li>
                  <li>Traffic Flow Template Downlink: Traffic Flow Template, as defined in <xref target="tft"/>, target="tft" format="default"/>, to be used
                      in the downlink direction.</t> direction.</li>
                  <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.9.1:  This document does not have a
Section 5.16.  Please clarify the meaning of "defined in 5.16."

Original:
 (c)  Traffic Template Uplink: Traffic template as defined in
      5.16 to be used in uplink direction.
 (d)  Traffic Template Downlink: Traffic template as defined in
      5.16 to be used in downlink direction.
-->
                  <!-- [author1] Fixed hard-code reference.
-->

                 </list></t>
            </list></t>
                </ol>
              </li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         MXAppMADPAssoc app_madp_assoc_list <1..*>;
      } MXAppMADPAssocReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <t>Where each measurement MXAppMADPAssoc is represented by the following:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONNumber mx_configuration_id
         TrafficFlowTemplate tft_ul_list <1..*>;
         TrafficFlowTemplate tft_dl_list <1..*>;
      } MXAppMADPAssoc;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="MAMS numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MAMS Application MADP Association Response"> Response</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM to confirm the selected MADP instances provided in request message by the CCM.</t>
            <t>In addition to the base information (<xref target="mx_base"/>), target="mx_base" format="default"/>), it contains information if the request has been successful.</t>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONBool is_success;
      } MXAppMADPAssocResp : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="SSID Indication"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>SSID Indication</name>
          <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM to indicate
         the list of allowed SSIDs that are supported by the MAMS entity on the
         network side.  It contains the list of SSIDs.</t>
          <t>Each SSID consists of the type of SSID (which can be one of
         the "SSID", "BSSID", or "HESSID" and the SSID itself.</t>
          <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         SSID ssid_list <1..*>;
      } MXSSIDIndication : MXBase;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>Where each SSID is defined as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString ssid_type;
         JSONString ssid;
      } SSID;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Measurements"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Measurements</name>
          <section title="Measurement Configuration"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Measurement Configuration</name>
            <t>This message is sent from the NCM to the CCM to configure the
            period measurement reporting at the CCM.  The message contains a list
            of measurement configurations, with each element containing the
            following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Connection
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Connection ID: Connection ID of the delivery connection for which the reporting is being configured.</t>
              <t>Connection configured.</li>
              <li>Connection Type: Connection type for which the reporting is being configured. Can be "LTE", "Wi-Fi", "5G NR"</t>
              <t>Measurement NR"</li>
              <li>Measurement Report Configuration: Actual report configuration based on the Connection Type, as defined in <xref target="meas_ref_conf"/></t>
            </list></t> target="meas_ref_conf" format="default"/></li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         MeasReportConf measurement_configuration <1..*>;
      } MXMeasReportConf : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <t>Where each measurement MeasReportConf is represented by the following:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONString connection_type;
         MeasReportConfs meas_rep_conf <1..*>;
      } MeasReportConf;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="Measurement Report"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Measurement Report</name>
            <t>This message is periodically sent by the CCM to the NCM after measurement configuration.  In
            addition to the base information, it contains the following information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: Same identifier as the identifier provided in the MX Capability RSP. Described in <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
              <t>Measurement target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Measurement report for each delivery connection is measured by the client device as defined in <xref target="meas_rep"/>.</t>
            </list></t> target="meas_rep" format="default"/>.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         MXMeasRep measurement_reports <1..*>;
      } MXMeasurementReport : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendices C.1.11.2, C.3.20, and C.4.18:  Should the
three instances of "measurment_reports" be "measurement_reports"
or perhaps "measurement_report" (per "mx_measurement_report" used
elsewhere)?  (In other words, are these strings parts of code that
cannot be modified, or can we correct the spelling of "measurment"?)

Original:
 MXMeasRep measurment_reports <1..*>;
...
 "measurment_reports": {
...
 "measurment_reports" : [
-->
            <!-- [author1] Suggested changes are correct. Thanks.
-->
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Keep-Alive">

       <section title="Keep-Alive Request"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Keep-Alive</name>
          <section numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Keep-Alive Request</name>
            <t>A Keep-Alive Request message can be sent from either the NCM or
            the CCM on expiry of the MAMS_KEEP_ALIVE timer or a handover event.
            The peer shall respond to this request with a Keep-Alive Response.
            In the case of no response from the peer, the MAMS connection shall be
            assumed to be broken, and the CCM shall establish a new connection by
            sending MX Discover messages.</t>
            <t>In addition to the base information, it contains the following
            information:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Keep-Alive
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Keep-Alive Reason: Reason for sending this message, can be "Timeout" or "Handover".</t>
              <t>Unique "Handover".</li>
              <li>Unique Session ID: Identifier for the CCM-NCM association <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
              <t>Connection target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Connection ID: Connection ID for which handover is detected, if the reason is "Handover".</t>
              <t>Delivery "Handover".</li>
              <li>Delivery Node ID: The target delivery node ID (ECGI or Wi&nbhy;Fi Access Point ID/MAC) to which the handover is executed.</t>
            </list></t> executed.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString keep_alive_reason;
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONString delivery_node_id;
      } MXKeepAliveReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="Keep-Alive Response"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Keep-Alive Response</name>
            <t>On receiving a Keep-Alive Request from a peer, the NCM/CCM shall
            immediately respond with a Keep-Alive Response message on the same
            delivery path from where the request arrived.  In addition to the base
            information it contains the unique session identifier for the CCM-NCM
            association (defined in <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>)</t> target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>)</t>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
      } MXKeepAliveResp : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Session numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Session Termination Procedure"> Procedure</name>
          <section title="Session numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Session Terminate Request"> Request</name>
            <t>In the event where the NCM or CCM can no longer handle MAMS for any
            reason, it can send an MX session termination request to the peer.  In
            addition to the base information, it contains a Unique Session ID and
            the reason for the termination; this can be "MX_NORMAL_RELEASE",
            "MX_NO_RESPONSE", or "INTERNAL_ERROR".</t>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         JSONString reason;
      } MXSessionTerminationReq : MXBase;
          ]]></artwork></figure>
          ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="Session numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Session Terminate Response"> Response</name>
            <t>On receipt of an MX session termination request from a peer, the
            NCM/CCM shall respond with MX Session Termination Response on the same
            delivery path where the request arrived and clean the
            MAMS&nbhy;related resources and settings.  The CCM shall reinitiate a
            new session with MX Discover messages again.</t>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
        object {
           UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
        } MXSessionTerminationResp : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Network Analytics"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Network Analytics</name>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX Network Analytics Request"> Request</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the CCM to the NCM to request parameters like
            bandwidth, jitter, latency, and signal quality predicted by the network analytics function.
            In addition to the base information, it contains the following parameter:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Unique
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Unique Session ID: Same identifier as the identifier provided in the MX Capability RSP.  Described in <xref target="uniq_sess_id"/>.</t>
              <t>Parameter target="uniq_sess_id" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>Parameter List: List of parameters in which the CCM is interested: one or more of "bandwidth", "jitter", "latency" and "signal_quality".</t>
            </list></t> "signal_quality".</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         UniqueSessionId unique_session_id;
         JSONString params <1..*>;
      } MXNetAnalyticsReq : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <t>Where the params object can take one or more of the following values:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      "bandwidth"
      "jitter"
      "latency"
      "signal_quality"
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>MX Network Analytics Response"> Response</name>
            <t>This message is sent by the NCM to the CCM in response to the analytics
            request.  For each delivery connection that the client has, the NCM reports the
            requested parameter predictions and their respective likelihoods
            (between 1 and 100 percent).</t>
            <t>In addition to the base information, it contains the following parameters:
            <list style="format (%c)">
              <t>Number
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Number of Delivery Connections: The number of delivery connections
                 that are currently configured for the client.</t> client.</li>
              <li>
                <t>The following information is provided for each delivery connection:
                 <list style="format (%d)">
                   <t>Connection
                </t>
                <ol spacing="normal" type="(%d)">
                  <li>Connection ID: Connection ID of the delivery connection for which the parameters are being predicted.</t>
                   <t>Connection predicted.</li>
                  <li>Connection Type: Type of connection. Can be "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", or "LTE".</t> "LTE".</li>
                  <li>
                    <t>List of Parameters for which Prediction is requested, where each of the
                      predicted parameters consists of the following:
                      <list style="format (%c)">
                        <t>Parameter
                    </t>
                    <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
                      <li>Parameter Name: Name of the parameter being predicted. Can be one
                           of "bandwidth", "jitter", "latency", or "signal_quality".</t>
                        <t>Additional "signal_quality".</li>
                      <li>Additional Parameter: If Parameter name is "signal_quality",
                           then this qualifies the quality parameter like "lte_rsrp",
                           "lte_rsrq", "nr_rsrp", "nr_rsrq", or "wifi_rssi".</t>
                        <t>Predicted "wifi_rssi".</li>
                      <li>Predicted Value: Provides the predicted value of the parameter
                           and, if applicable, the additional parameter.</t>
                        <t>Likelihood: parameter.</li>
                      <li>Likelihood: Provides a stochastic likelihood of the predicted value.</t> value.</li>
                      <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.14.2:

* "Likelihood":  Does "of about" mean "of approximately,"
"regarding," or something else?

* "Validity Time":  Please clarify "time horizon until which the."

Original:
 (d)  Likelihood: Provides a stochastic likelihood of about
       the predicted value.
 (e)  Validity Time: the time horizon until which the
      predictions are valid.
-->
                      <!-- [author1] Rephrased to address the comment to clarify the text.
-->

                        <t>Validity
                      <li>Validity Time: The time duration for which the predictions are valid.</t>
                      </list></t>
                 </list></t>
            </list></t> valid.</li>
                    </ol>
                  </li>
                </ol>
              </li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of the message is as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         MXAnalyticsList param_list <1..*>;
      } MXNetAnalyticsResp : MXBase;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.1.14.2:  We removed what appeared to be an
extra ">" here.  (This was the only such instance of a double
">>" in this document.)  Please let us know if this is incorrect.

Original:
 MXAnalyticsList param_list<1..*>>;

Currently:
 MXAnalyticsList param_list<1..*>;
-->
            <!-- [author1] Suggested change is correct. Thanks.
-->
            <t>Where MXAnalyticsList is defined as follows:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONString connection_type;
         ParamPredictions predictions <1..*>;
      } MXAnalyticsList;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
            <t>Where each ParamPredictions item is defined as:</t>

         <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString param_name;
         [JSONString additional_param;]
         JSONNumber prediction;
         JSONNumber likelihood;
         JSONNumber validity_time;
      } ParamPredictions;
         ]]></artwork></figure>
         ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="Protocol numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Protocol Specification: Data Types"> Types</name>
        <section title="MXBase" anchor="mx_base"> anchor="mx_base" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MXBase</name>
          <t>This is the base information that every message between the
         CCM and NCM exchanges shall have as mandatory information. It
         contains the following information:
         <list style="format (%c)">
           <t>Version:
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Version: Version of MAMS used.</t>
           <t>Message used.</li>
            <li>Message Type: Message type being sent, where the following
              are considered valid values:</t>

           <t><figure><artwork><![CDATA[ values:</li>
            <li>
              <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      "mx_discover"
      "mx_system_info"
      "mx_capability_req"
      "mx_capability_resp"
      "mx_capability_ack"
      "mx_up_setup_conf_req"
      "mx_up_setup_cnf"
      "mx_reconf_req"
      "mx_reconf_rsp"
      "mx_path_est_req"
      "mx_path_est_results"
      "mx_traffic_steering_req"
      "mx_traffic_steering_rsp"
      "mx_ssid_indication"
      "mx_keep_alive_req"
      "mx_keep_alive_rsp"
      "mx_measurement_conf"
      "mx_measurement_report"
      "mx_session_termination_req"
      "mx_session_termination_resp"
      "mx_app_madp_assoc_req"
      "mx_app_madp_assoc_resp"
      "mx_network_analytics_req"
      "mx_network_analytics_resp"
           ]]></artwork></figure></t>

           <t>Sequence
           ]]></artwork>
            </li>
            <li>Sequence Number: Sequence number to uniquely identify a
              particular message exchange, e.g., MX Capability REQ/RSP/ACK.</t>
         </list></t> REQ/RSP/ACK.</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString version;
         JSONString message_type;
         JSONNumber sequence_num;
      } MXBase;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Unique anchor="uniq_sess_id" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Unique Session ID" anchor="uniq_sess_id"> ID</name>
          <t>This data type represents the unique session ID between a CCM
         and NCM entity.  It contains a NCM ID that is unique in the
         network and a session ID that is allocated by the NCM for that
         session.  On receipt of the MX Discover message, if the session
         exists, then the old session ID is returned in the MX System Info
         message; otherwise, the NCM allocates a new session ID for the CCM
         and sends the new ID in the MX System Info message.</t>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber ncm_id;
         JSONNumber session_id;
      } UniqueSessionId;
      ]]> </artwork></figure>
       ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="NCM Connections" anchor="ncm_connx"> anchor="ncm_connx" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>NCM Connections</name>
          <t>This data type represents the connection available at the NCM for MAMS
         connectivity toward the user equipment. It contains a list of NCM
         connections available, where each connection has the following
         information:
         <list style="format (%c)">
           <t>Connection
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Connection Information: See <xref target="conn_info"/>.</t>
           <t>NCM target="conn_info" format="default"/>.</li>
            <li>NCM Endpoint Information: Contains the IP address and port exposed by the NCM endpoint for the CCM.</t>
         </list></t> CCM.</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         NCMConnection items <1..*>;
      } NCMConnections;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>where NCMConnection is defined as:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         NCMEndPoint ncm_end_point;
      } NCMConnection : ConnectionInfo;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>where NCMEndPoint is defined as:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString ip_address;
         JSONNumber port;
      } NCMEndPoint;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Connection Information" anchor="conn_info"> anchor="conn_info" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Connection Information</name>
          <t>This data type provides the mapping of connection ID and connection type.  It contains the following information:
         <list style="format (%c)">
           <t>Connection
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Connection ID: Unique Number identifying the connection.</t> connection.</li>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.2.4:  An "and" relationship is shown here.
Should "and" be "or"?  It is not clear from the lists of options
shown elsewhere in this document whether an "and" or "or"
relationship is indicated.  Please clarify.

Original (we added the missing closing quotes for the two instances
  of ' "Wi-Fi, '  in the original):
 (a)  Connection Id: Number indicating the connection can be 0,1,2 and
      3.
 (b)  Connection type: Type of connect can be "Wi-Fi, "5G NR", "Multi-
      Fire" and "LTE".

 The two are considered a mapping like 0-"Wi-Fi", 1-"5G NR", 2-"Multi-
 Fire" and 3-"LTE".

As shown elsewhere (9 instances, with a discrepancy: "2: Multi-Fire;"
  and "2-"Multi-Fire" here, versus "2: MulteFire;" elsewhere):
 Connection Type (e.g., 0: Wi-Fi; 1: 5G NR; 2: MulteFire; 3: LTE)

Notes:  We also see the following:
* both "wifi" and "wi-fi" for connection type
* two enum lists that show "multi-fire"
* both "5G NR" and "5g-nr"

From Appendix C.1.11.1:
 (b)  Connection Type: Connection Type for which the reporting is
      being configured, can be "lte", "wifi", "5g-nr" etc.

From Appendix C.1.14.2:
 (b)  Connection Type: Type of connection, can be "Wi-Fi, "5G
      NR", "Multi-Fire" and "LTE".
-->
            <!-- [author1] This error had crept into the spec from an earlier version of implementation.
Fixed the definitions to make clear and consistent distinction between the two parameters.
The Connection ID is a number that uniquely identifies the connection.
The Connection Type is a separate attribute which can one of the following values - "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", "LTE".
-->

           <t>Connection
            <li>Connection Type: Type of connection can be "Wi-Fi", "5G NR", "MulteFire", or "LTE".</t>
         </list></t> "LTE".</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONString connection_type;
      } ConnectionInfo;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Features anchor="feat_act_stat" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Features and Their Activation Status" anchor="feat_act_stat"> Status</name>
          <t>This data type provides the list of all features with their
         activation status. Each feature status contains the following:
         <list style="format (%c)" counter="count1">
           <t>Feature
          </t>
          <ol group="count1" spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Feature Name: The name of the feature can be one of thefollowing:</t>
         </list></t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[ thefollowing:</li>
          </ol>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      "lossless_switching"
      "fragmentation"
      "concatenation"
      "uplink_aggregation"
      "downlink_aggregation"
      "measurement"
      ]]></artwork></figure>

      <t><list style="format (%c)" counter="count1">
         <t>Active
      ]]></artwork>
          <ol group="count1" spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Active status: Activation status of the feature.  "true" means that the feature is active, and
            "false" means that the feature is inactive.</t>
      </list></t> inactive.</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         FeatureInfo items <1..*>;
      } FeaturesActive;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>where FeatureInfo is defined as:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString feature_name;
         JSONBool active;
      } FeatureInfo;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Anchor Connections" anchor="anchor_conn"> anchor="anchor_conn" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Anchor Connections</name>
          <t>This data type contains the list of Connection Information items
         (<xref target="conn_info"/>) target="conn_info" format="default"/>) that are supported on the anchor (core) side.</t>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         ConnectionInfo items <1..*>;
      } AnchorConnections;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Delivery Connections" anchor="delivery_conn"> anchor="delivery_conn" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Delivery Connections</name>
          <t>This data type contains the list of Connection Information (<xref
         target="conn_info"/>) target="conn_info" format="default"/>) that are supported on the delivery (access) side.</t>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         ConnectionInfo items <1..*>;
      } DeliveryConnections;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Method Support" anchor="method_support"> anchor="method_support" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Method Support</name>
          <t>This data type provides the support for a particular convergence or
         adaptation method. It consists of the following:
         <list style="format (%c)">
           <t>Method:
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Method: Name of the method.</t>
           <t>Supported: method.</li>
            <li>Supported: Whether the method listed above is supported or not.  Possible values are "true" and "false".</t>
         </list></t> "false".</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString method;
         JSONBool supported;
      } MethodSupport;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Convergence Methods" anchor="conv_methods"> anchor="conv_methods" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Convergence Methods</name>
          <t>This data type contains the list of all convergence methods and
         their support status. The possible convergence methods are:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      "GMA"
      "MPTCP_Proxy"
      "GRE_Aggregation_Proxy"
      "MPQUIC"
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         MethodSupport items <1..*>;
      } ConvergenceMethods;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Adaptation Methods" anchor="adapt_methods"> anchor="adapt_methods" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Adaptation Methods</name>
          <t>This data type contains the list of all convergence methods
         and their support status. The possible convergence methods are:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      "UDP_without_DTLS"
      "UDP_with_DTLS"
      "IPsec"
      "Client_NAT"
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         MethodSupport items <1..*>;
      } AdaptationMethods;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Setup anchor="setup_anchor_conn" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Setup of Anchor Connections" anchor="setup_anchor_conn"> Connections</name>
          <t>This data type represents the setup configuration for each anchor
         connection that is required on the user equipment&apos;s equipment's side. It
         contains the following information, in addition to the connection ID
         and type of the anchor connection:
         <list style="format (%c)">
           <t>Number
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Number of Active MX Configurations: If more than one active
              configuration is present for this anchor, then this identifies the
              number of such connections.</t> connections.</li>
            <li>
              <t>The following convergence parameters are provided for each active
              configuration:
              <list style="format (%d)">
                <t>MX
              </t>
              <ol spacing="normal" type="(%d)">
                <li>MX Configuration Identifier: Present if there are multiple active
                   configurations. Identifies the configuration for this MADP
                   instance ID.</t>
                <t>Convergence ID.</li>
                <li>Convergence Method: Convergence method selected. Has to be one of
                   the supported convergence methods listed in
                   <xref target="conv_methods"/>.</t>
                <t>Convergence target="conv_methods" format="default"/>.</li>
                <li>Convergence Method Parameters: Described in <xref target="conv_method_params"/></t>
                <t>Number target="conv_method_params" format="default"/></li>
                <li>Number of Delivery Connections: The number of delivery connections
                   (access side) that are supported for this anchor connection.</t>
                <t>Setup connection.</li>
                <li>Setup of delivery connections: Described in <xref target="setup_del_conn"/>.</t>
              </list></t>
         </list></t> target="setup_del_conn" format="default"/>.</li>
              </ol>
            </li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         SetupAnchorConn items <1..*>;
      } SetupAnchorConns;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>Where each anchor connection configuration is defined as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         [JSONNumber num_active_mx_conf;]
         ConvergenceConfig convergence_config
      } SetupAnchorConn : ConnectionInfo;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>where each Convergence configuration is defined as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         [JSONNumber mx_configuration_id;]
         JSONString convergence_method;
         ConvergenceMethodParam convergence_method_params;
         JSONNumber num_delivery_connections;
         SetupDeliveryConns delivery_connections;
      } ConvergenceConfig;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <section title="Convergence anchor="conv_method_params" numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Convergence Method Parameters" anchor="conv_method_params"> Parameters</name>
            <t>This data type represents the parameters used for the
           convergence method and contains the following:
           <list style="format (%c)">
             <t>Proxy
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Proxy IP: IP address of the proxy that is provided by the
                selected convergence method.</t>
             <t>Proxy method.</li>
              <li>Proxy Port: Port of the proxy that is provided by the selected
                convergence method.</t>
           </list></t> method.</li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

        <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString proxy_ip;
         JSONString proxy_port;
         JSONString client_key;
      } ConvergenceMethodParam;
        ]]></artwork></figure>
        ]]></artwork>
          </section>
          <section title="Setup anchor="setup_del_conn" numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Setup Delivery Connections" anchor="setup_del_conn"> Connections</name>
            <t>This is the list of delivery connections and their parameters
           to be configured on the user equipment. Each delivery connection
           defined by its connection information (<xref
           target="conn_info"/>) target="conn_info" format="default"/>) optionally contains the following:
           <list style="format (%c)">
             <t>Adaptation
            </t>
            <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
              <li>Adaptation Method: Selected adaptation method name. This shall
                be one of the methods listed in <xref target="adapt_methods"/>.</t> target="adapt_methods" format="default"/>.</li>
              <li>
                <t>Adaptation Method Parameters: Depending on the adaptation
                method, one or more of the following parameters shall be provided.
                <list style="format (%d)">
                  <t>Tunnel
                </t>
                <ol spacing="normal" type="(%d)">
                  <li>Tunnel IP address</t>
                  <t>Tunnel address</li>
                  <li>Tunnel Port number</t>
                  <t>Shared Secret</t>
                  <t>MX number</li>
                  <li>Shared Secret</li>
                  <li>MX header optimization: If the adaptation method is UDP_and
                     convergence is GMA, then this flag represents whether or not
                     the checksum field and the length field in the IP header of an
                     MX PDU should be recalculated by the MX Convergence Layer. The
                     possible values are "true" and "false". If it is "true", both
                     fields remain unchanged; otherwise, both fields should be
                     recalculated. If this field is not present then the default of
                     "false" should be considered.</t>
                </list></t>
           </list></t> considered.</li>
                </ol>
              </li>
            </ol>
            <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

        <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         SetupDeliveryConn items <1..*>;
      } SetupDeliveryConns;
        ]]></artwork></figure>
        ]]></artwork>
            <t>where each "SetupDeliveryConn" consists of the following:</t>

        <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         [JSONString adaptation_method;]
         [AdaptationMethodParam adaptation_method_param;]
      } SetupDeliveryConn : ConnectionInfo;
        ]]></artwork></figure>
        ]]></artwork>
            <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.2.11.2:  We changed "JSONSting" to
"JSONString" here.  Please let us know any concerns (i.e., is the
misspelled form unchangeable because it is part of implemented code?).

Original:
 [JSONSting adaptation_method;]

Currently:
 [JSONString adaptation_method;]
-->
            <!-- [author1] OK. Thanks.
-->
            <t>where AdaptationMethodParam is defined as:</t>

        <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString tunnel_ip_addr;
         JSONString tunnel_end_port;
         JSONString shared_secret;
         [JSONBool mx_header_optimization;]
      } AdaptationMethodParam;
        ]]></artwork></figure>
        ]]></artwork>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Init anchor="init_probe_res" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Init Probe Results" anchor="init_probe_res"> Results</name>
          <t>This data type provides the results of the init probe request made by
         the NCM.  It consists of the following information:
         <list style="format (%c)">
           <t>Lost
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Lost Probes: Percentage of probes lost.</t>
           <t>Probe lost.</li>
            <li>Probe Delay: Average delay of probe message, in microseconds.</t>
           <t>Probe microseconds.</li>
            <li>Probe Rate: Probe rate achieved, in megabits per second.</t>
         </list></t> second.</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
        object {
           JSONNumber lost_probes_percentage;
           JSONNumber probe_rate_Mbps;
        } InitProbeResults;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Active anchor="act_probe_res" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Active Probe Results" anchor="act_probe_res"> Results</name>
          <t>This data type provides the results of the init probe request made by
         the NCM.  It consists of the following information:
          <list style="format (%c)">
            <t>Average
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Average Probe Throughput: Average active probe throughput
               achieved, in megabits per second.</t>
          </list></t> second.</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
        object {
           JSONNumber avg_tput_last_probe_duration_Mbps;
        } ActiveProbeResults;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Downlink Delivery" anchor="dl_delivery"> anchor="dl_delivery" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Downlink Delivery</name>
          <t>This data type represents the list of connections that are enabled
         on the delivery side, to be used in the downlink direction.</t>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id <1..*>;
      } DLDelivery;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Uplink Delivery" anchor="ul_delivery"> anchor="ul_delivery" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Uplink Delivery</name>
          <t>This data type represents the list of connections and parameters
         enabled for the delivery side to be used in the uplink direction.</t>
          <t>The uplink delivery consists of multiple uplink delivery entities,
         where each entity consists of a Traffic Flow Template (TFT) (<xref
         target="tft"/>) target="tft" format="default"/>) and a list of connection ids in the uplink,
         where traffic qualifying for such a Traffic Flow Template can be
         redirected.</t>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         ULDeliveryEntity ul_del <1..*>;
      } ULDelivery;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>Where each uplink delivery entity consists of the following data type:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         TrafficFlowTemplate ul_tft <1..*>;
         JSONNumber connection_id <1..*>;
      } ULDeliveryEntity;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Traffic anchor="tft" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Traffic Flow Template" anchor="tft"> Template</name>
          <t>The Traffic Flow Template generally follows the guidelines specified
         in <xref target="ServDesc3GPP"/>.</t> target="ServDesc3GPP" format="default"/>.</t>
          <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.2.16:  Please provide reference information
for 3GPP TS 23.060, so that we may add a citation for it here and
also add a corresponding listing in the Informative References
section.

Original:
 Traffic flow template follows in general guidelines specified in 3GPP
 TS 23.060.
-->
          <!-- [author1] Added reference to 3GPP 23.060
-->
          <t>The Traffic Flow Template in MAMS consists of one or more of the
         following:
         <list style="format (%c)">
           <t>Remote
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>Remote Address and Mask: IP address and subnet for remote
              addresses represented in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
              notation.  Default: "0.0.0.0/0".</t>
           <t>Local "0.0.0.0/0".</li>
            <li>Local Address and Mask: IP address and subnet for local addresses represented in CIDR notation. Default: "0.0.0.0/0"</t>
           <t>Protocol "0.0.0.0/0"</li>
            <li>Protocol Type: IP protocol number of the payload being carried by an IP packet (e.g., UDP, TCP).  Default: 255.</t>
           <t>Local 255.</li>
            <li>Local Port Range: Range of ports for local ports for which the Traffic Flow Template is applicable.  Default: Start=0, End=65535.</t>
           <t>Remote End=65535.</li>
            <li>Remote Port Range: Range of ports for remote ports for which the Traffic Flow Template is applicable.  Default: Start=0, End=65535.</t>
           <t>Traffic End=65535.</li>
            <li>Traffic Class: Represented by Type of Service in IPv4 and Traffic Class in IPv6.  Default: 255</t>
           <t>Flow 255</li>
            <li>Flow Label: Flow label for IPv6, applicable only for IPv6 protocol type.  Default: 0.</t>
         </list></t> 0.</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString remote_addr_mask;
         JSONString local_addr_mask;
         JSONNumber protocol_type;
         PortRange local_port_range;
         PortRange remote_port_range;
         JSONNumber traffic_class;
         JSONNumber flow_label;
      } TrafficFlowTemplate;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>Where the port range is defined as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber start;
         JSONNumber end;
      } PortRange;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Measurement anchor="meas_ref_conf" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Measurement Report Configuration" anchor="meas_ref_conf"> Configuration</name>
          <t>This data type represents the configuration done by the NCM toward
         the CCM for reporting measurement events.
         <list style="format (%c)">
          </t>
          <ol spacing="normal" type="(%c)">
            <li>
              <t>Measurement Report Parameter: Parameter which shall be measured
              and reported. This is dependent on the connection type:
              <list style="format (%d)">
                <t>For
              </t>
              <ol spacing="normal" type="(%d)">
                <li>For connection type "Wi-Fi", the allowed measurement parameters
                   are "WLAN_RSSI", "WLAN_LOAD", "UL_TPUT", "DL_TPUT", "EST_UL_TPUT",
                   and "EST_DL_TPUT".</t>
                <t>For "EST_DL_TPUT".</li>
                <li>For connection type "LTE", the allowed measurement parameters are
                   "LTE_RSRP", "LTE_RSRQ", "UL_TPUT", and "DL_TPUT".</t>
                <t>For "DL_TPUT".</li>
                <li>For connection type "5G NR", the allowed measurement parameters
                   are "NR_RSRP", "NR_RSRQ", "UL_TPUT", and "DL_TPUT".</t>
              </list></t>
           <t>Threshold: "DL_TPUT".</li>
              </ol>
            </li>
            <li>Threshold: High and low threshold for reporting.</t>
           <t>Period: reporting.</li>
            <li>Period: Period for reporting, in milliseconds.</t>
         </list></t> milliseconds.</li>
          </ol>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString meas_rep_param;
         Threshold meas_threshold;
         JSONNumber meas_period;
      } MeasReportConfs;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <t>Where "Threshold" is defined as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber high;
         JSONNumber low;
      } Threshold;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="Measurement Report" anchor="meas_rep"> anchor="meas_rep" numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Measurement Report</name>
          <t>This data type represents the measurements reported by the CCM for each
         access network measured.  This type contains the connection information,
         delivery node ID which identifies the cell (ECGI) or the Wi&nbhy;Fi
         Access Point ID or MAC address (or equivalent identifier in other
         technologies) and the actual measurement performed by the CCM in the
         last measurement period.</t>
          <t>The representation of this data type is as follows:</t>

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONNumber connection_id;
         JSONString connection_type;
         JSONString delivery_node_id;
         Measurement measurements <1..*>;
      } MXMeasRep;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <!-- Figure out what "on a per(-)delivery type" means -->
          <!-- [author1] Believe that the above comment is a stray work-in-progress and addressed by the comment below -->
          <t>Where Measurement is defined as the key value pair of the
         measurement type and value.  The exact measurement type parameter reported
         for a given connection depends on its Connection Type.
         The measurement type parameters, for each Connection Type, are specified in <xref target="meas_ref_conf"/>.</t> target="meas_ref_conf" format="default"/>.</t>
          <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.2.18:  Please clarify the meaning of
"type and value are defined on a per delivery type."

Original:
 The exact type and value are defined on a per
 delivery type and defined in Appendix C.2.17. -->
          <!-- [author1] Rephrased for clarification. The measurement type parameter reported for each connection is dependent on the connection type.
  These measurement types are specified in the referred section. -->

      <figure><artwork><![CDATA[
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
      object {
         JSONString measurement_type;
         JSONNumber measurement_value;
      } Measurement;
      ]]></artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="Schemas numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Schemas in JSON"> JSON</name>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Base Schema"> Schema</name>
          <!-- [rfced] Appendices C.3.1 and subsequent:  We noticed that there
are 682 opening curly braces ("{") and 683 closing curly braces ("}").
We do not have the ability to readily find the mismatch, but we
believe that the mismatch occurs somewhere after the beginning of
Appendix C.3.1.  (The 65 JSON definitions in Appendices C.1 and C.2
look OK.)

We do not know if this is an issue worth pursuing, but we wanted to
mention it all the same as an "FYI." -->
          <!-- [author1]

The issue is with section C.3.2.
Fixed 3 more issues, in addition to the removal of the extra closing brace "}".

1. Removed extra comma: "NR_RSRQ", to  "NR_RSRQ"

2. Removed extra comma at the end, in the last line:
        "probe_param" : {
            "probe_port" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "anchor_conn_id" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "mx_configuration_id" : {
                "type" : "integer"
>>>            }

3. Added Missing Comma, before line "predict_param_name":
>>>        },
        "predict_param_name": {

4. Removed extra brace "}", before the line "id:":

>>>
     "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/definitions.json"
}  </artwork></figure>

-->

      <figure><artwork>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {
        "message_type_def": {
    "enum": [
                "mx_discover",
                "mx_system_info",
                "mx_capability_req",
                "mx_capability_resp",
                "mx_capability_ack",
                "mx_up_setup_conf_req",
                "mx_up_setup_cnf",
                "mx_reconf_req",
                "mx_reconf_rsp",
                "mx_path_est_req",
                "mx_path_est_results",
                "mx_traffic_steering_req",
                "mx_traffic_steering_rsp",
                "mx_ssid_indication",
                "mx_keep_alive_req",
                "mx_keep_alive_rsp",
                "mx_measurement_conf",
                "mx_measurement_report",
                "mx_session_termination_req",
                "mx_session_termination_resp",
                "mx_app_madp_assoc_req",
                "mx_app_madp_assoc_resp",
                "mx_network_analytics_req",
                "mx_network_analytics_resp"
      ],
          "type": "string"
    },
    "sequence_num_def": {
      "minimum": 1,
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "version_def": {
      "type": "string"
    }
   },
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_base_def.json"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX Definitions">
      <figure><artwork> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Definitions</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
    "definitions": {
        "adapt_method": {
            "enum": [
                "UDP_without_DTLS",
                "UDP_with_DTLS",
                "IPsec",
                "Client_NAT"
            ],
            "type": "string"
        },
        "conv_method": {
            "enum": [
                "GMA",
                "MPTCP_Proxy",
                "GRE_Aggregation_Proxy",
                "MPQUIC"
            ],
            "type": "string"
        },
        "supported": {
            "type": "boolean"
        },
        "active": {
            "type": "boolean"
        },
        "connection_id": {
            "type": "integer"
        },
        "feature_name": {
            "enum": [
                "lossless_switching",
                "fragmentation",
                "concatenation",
                "uplink_aggregation",
                "downlink_aggregation",
                "measurement"
            ],
            "type": "string"
        },
        "connection_type": {
            "enum": [
                "Wi-Fi",
                "5G NR",
                "MulteFire",
                "LTE"
            ],
            "type": "string"
        },
        "ip_address": {
                "type": "string"
        },
        "port": {
            "maximum": 65535,
            "minimum": 1,
            "type": "integer"
        },
        "adaptation_method": {
            "allOf" : [
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/adapt_method" },
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/supported" }
            ]
        },
        "connection": {
            "allOf" : [
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/connection_id" },
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/connection_type" }
            ]
        },
        "convergence_method": {
            "allOf": [
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/conv_method" },
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/supported" }
            ]
        },
        "feature_status": {
            "allOf": [
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/feature_name" },
                { "$ref": "#/definitions/active" }
            ]
        },
        "ncm_end_point": {
            "allOf" : [
                { "$ref" : "#/definitions/ip_address" },
                { "$ref" : "#/definitions/port" }
            ]
        },
        "capability_acknowledgment" : {
            "enum" : [
                "MX_ACCEPT",
                "MX_REJECT"
            ],
            "type" : "string"
        },
        "threshold" : {
            "high" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "low" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "type" : "object"
        },
        "meas_report_param" : {
            "enum" : [
                    "WLAN_RSSI",
                    "WLAN_LOAD",
                    "LTE_RSRP",
                    "LTE_RSRQ",
                    "UL_TPUT",
                    "DL_TPUT",
                    "EST_UL_TPUT",
                    "EST_DL_TPUT",
                    "NR_RSRP",
                    "NR_RSRQ"
            ],
            "type" : "string"
        },
        "meas_report_conf" : {
            "meas_rep_param" : {
                "$ref" : "#definitions/meas_report_param"
            },
            "meas_threshold" : {
                "$ref" : "#definitions/threshold"
            },
            "meas_period_ms" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "type" : "object"
        },
        "ssid_types" : {
            "enum" : [
                "ssid",
                "bssid",
                "hessid"
            ],
            "type" : "string"
        },
        "ip_addr_mask" : {
            "type" : "string",
            "default" : "0.0.0.0/0"
        },
        "port_range" : {
            "start" : {
                "type" : "integer",
                "default" : 0
            },
            "end" : {
                "type" : "integer",
                "default" : 65535
            }
        },
        "traffic_flow_template" : {
            "remote_addr_mask" : {
                "$ref" : "#definitions/ip_addr_mask" },
            "local_addr_mask" : {
                "$ref" : "#definitions/ip_addr_mask" },
            "protocol_type" : {
                "type" : "integer",
                "minimum" : 0,
                "maximum" : 255
            },
            "local_port_range" : {
                "$ref" : "#definitions/port_range" },
            "remote_port_range" : {
                "$ref" : "#definitions/port_range" },
            "traffic_class" : {
                "type" : "integer",
                "default" : 255
            },
            "flow_label" : {
                "type" : "integer",
                "default" : 0
            }
        },
        "delivery_node_id" : {
            "type" : "string"
        },
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "type" : "object",
            "ncm_id" : {
              "type" : "integer"
            },
            "session_id" : {
              "type" : "integer"
            }
        },
        "keep_alive_reason" : {
            "enum" : [
                "Timeout",
                "Handover"
            ],
            "type" : "string"
        },
        "connection_status" : {
            "enum" : [
                "disabled",
                "enabled",
                "connected"
            ],
            "type" : "string",
            "default" : "connected"
        },
        "adaptation_param" : {
           "udp_adapt_port" : {
              "type" : "integer"
           }
        },
        "probe_param" : {
            "probe_port" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "anchor_conn_id" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "mx_configuration_id" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            }
    },
        "client_param" : {
            "connection_id" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "adapt_param" : {
                "type" : {"$ref" : "#definitions/adaptation_param" }
            }
        }
    },
            "adapt_param": {
            "tunnel_ip_addr": {
                "type": "string"
            },
            "tunnel_end_port": {
                "type": "integer"
            },
            "shared_secret": {
                "type": "string"
            },
            "mx_header_optimization": {
                "type": "boolean",
                "default": false
            }
        },
        "delivery_connection": {
            "connection_id": {
                "$ref": "#definitions/connection_id"
            },
            "connection_type": {
                "$ref": "#definitions/connection_type"
            },
            "adaptation_method": {
                "$ref": "#definitions/adapt_method"
            },
            "adaptation_method_param": {
                "$ref": "#definitions/adapt_param"
            }
        },
        "app_madp_assoc": {
            "anchor_conn_id" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            },
            "mx_configuration_id" : {
                "type" : "integer"
            }

            "ul_tft_list": {
                "items": {
                    "$ref": "#definitions/traffic_flow_template"
                },
                "type": "array"
            },
            "dl_tft_list": {
                "items": {
                    "$ref": "#definitions/traffic_flow_template"
                },
                "type": "array"
            }
        },
        "predict_param_name": {
            "enum": [
                "validity time",
                "bandwidth",
                "jitter",
                "latency",
                "signal_quality"
            ],
            "type": "string"
        },
        "predict_add_param_name": {
            "enum": [
                "WLAN_RSSI",
                "WLAN_LOAD",
                "LTE_RSRP",
                "LTE_RSRQ",
                "NR_RSRP",
                "NR_RSRQ"
            ],
            "type": "string"
        },
    "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/definitions.json"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX Discover">
      <figure><artwork> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Discover</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_discover.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"}
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX System Update">
      <figure><artwork> Update</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
    "additionalProperties": false,
    "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_system_info.json",
    "properties": {
        "message_type": {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"
        },
        "sequence_num": {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"
        },
        "version": {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"
        },
        "ncm_connections": {
            "type": "array",
            "items": [
                { "$ref": "definitions.json#/connection" },
                { "$ref": "definitions.json#/ncm_end_point" }
            ]
        }
    },
    "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Capability Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_capability_req.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
    "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
    "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
    "adaptation_methods": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/adaptation_method"},
      "type": "array"
    },
    "anchor_connections": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection"},
      "type": "array"
    },
    "convergence_methods": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/convergence_method"},
      "type": "array"
    },
    "delivery_connections": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection"},
      "type": "array"
    },
    "feature_active": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/feature_status"},
      "type": "array"
    },
    "num_anchor_connections": {
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "num_delivery_connections": {
      "type": "integer"
    }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Capability Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_capability_resp.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
    "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
    "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
    "adaptation_methods": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/adaptation_method" },
      "type": "array"
    },
    "anchor_connections": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection" },
      "type": "array"
    },
    "convergence_methods": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/convergence_method" },
      "type": "array"
    },
    "delivery_connections": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection" },
      "type": "array"
    },
    "feature_active": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/feature_status" },
      "type": "array"
    },
    "num_anchor_connections": {
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "num_delivery_connections": {
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id"
    }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Capability ACK">
      <figure><artwork> ACK</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
    "definitions": {},
    "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_capability_ack.json",
    "properties": {
        "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" },
    "capability_ack": {
        "$ref" : "definitions.json#/capability_acknowledgment" }
    },
    "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Reconfiguration Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {},
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_reconf_req.json",
  "properties": {
        "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
                        "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id"
        },
        "connection_id" : {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id"},
    "ip_address": {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/ip_address"},
    "mtu_size": {
          "maximum" : 65535,
      "minimum": 1,
      "type": "integer"
    },
        "ssid" : {
         "type" : "string"
        },
    "reconf_action": {
      "enum": [
            "release",
        "setup",
                "update"
      ],
      "id": "/properties/reconf_action",
      "type": "string"
    },
        "connection_status" : {
              "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_status"},
        "delivery_node_id" : {
              "$ref": "definitions.json#/delivery_node_id"}
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Reconfiguration Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {},
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_reconf_rsp.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"}
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX UP Setup Configuration">
      <figure><artwork> Configuration</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "definitions": {
   "convergence_configuration" : {
                "mx_configuration_id": { "type" : "integer"},
                "convergence_method": {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/conv_method" },
          "convergence_method_params": {
            "properties": {
              "proxy_ip": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/ip_address" },
              "proxy_port": {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/port"},
              "client_key": {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/client_key"}
            },
            "type": "object"
          },
                  "num_delivery_connections": {
            "type": "integer"
          },
          "delivery_connections": {
            "items": {
              "$ref" : "definitions.json#/delivery_connection" },
                          "type": "array"
          }
        }
  },
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_up_setup_conf_req.json",
  "properties": {
        "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
    "num_anchor_connections": {
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "anchor_connections": {
      "items": {
        "properties": {
          "connection_id": {
            "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id" },
          "connection_type": {
            "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_type" },
                 "num_active_mx_conf" : { "type" : "integer" },
                 "convergence_config" : {
                   "items": {
                     "$ref" : "definitions/convergence_configuration" },
                       "type" : "array"
                 }

         },
        "type": "object"
      },
      "type": "array"
    }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX UP Setup Confirmation">
      <figure><artwork> Confirmation</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {},
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_up_setup_cnf.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" },
        "probe_param" : { "$ref": "definitions.json#/probe_param" },
        "num_delivery_conn" : {
                "type" : "integer"
        },
        "client_params" : {
                "type" : "array",
                "items" : [
                        {"$ref": "definitions.json#/client_param"}
                ]
        }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Traffic Steering Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {
        "conn_list" : {
              "items" : { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id" },
              "type": "array"
        },
        "ul_delivery" : {
              "ul_tft" : {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/traffic_flow_template"},
              "connection_list" : { "$ref" : "#definitions/conn_list" }
        }
  },
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_traffic_steering_req.json",
  "properties": {
        "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
"connection_id": {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id"},
"mx_configuration_id": { "type" : "integer"},
   "downlink_delivery": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id" },
      "type": "array"
    },
    "feature_activation": {
      "items": {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/feature_status"},
      "type": "array"
    },
        "default_uplink_delivery": {
                "type": "integer"
        },
    "uplink_delivery": {
      "items": { "$ref" : "#definitions/ul_delivery" },
      "type": "array"
    }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Traffic Steering Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {},
  "id": "https://example.com/example.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" },
        "feature_activation": {
      "items": {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/feature_status"},
      "type": "array"
    }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Application MADP Association Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
    "definitions": {},
    "id": "https://example.com/example.json",
    "properties": {
        "message_type": {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"
        },
        "sequence_num": {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"
        },
        "version": {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"
        },
        "unique_session_id": {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id"
        },
        "app_madp_assoc_list": {
            "items": {
                "$ref": "definitions.json#/app_madp_assoc"
            },
            "type": "array"
        }
    },
    "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Application MADP Association Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
        "definitions": {},
        "id": "https://example.com/example.json",
        "properties": {
                "message_type": {
                        "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"
                },
                "sequence_num": {
                        "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"
                },
                "version": {
                        "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"
                },
                "unique_session_id": {
                        "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id"
                },
                "is_success": {
                        "type": "boolean"
                }
        },
        "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Path Estimation Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {},
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_path_est_req.json",
  "properties": {
        "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
    "active_probe_ack_req": {
      "enum": [
        "no",
                "yes"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "active_probe_freq_ms": {
      "maximum" : 10000,
      "minimum": 100,
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "active_probe_size_bytes": {
      "maximum": 1500,
      "minimum": 100,
      "type": "integer"
    },
        "active_probe_duration_sec" : {
          "maximum" : 100,
          "minimum" : 10,
          "type" :  "integer"
        },
    "connection_id": { "$ref" : "definitions#/connection_id" },
    "init_probe_ack_req": {
      "enum": [
        "no",
        "yes"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "init_probe_size_bytes": {
      "maximum": 1500,
      "minimum": 100,
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "init_probe_test_duration_ms": {
      "maximum": 10000,
      "minimum": 100,
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "init_probe_test_rate_Mbps": {
      "maximum": 100,
      "minimum": 1,
      "type": "integer"
    }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Path Estimation Results">
      <figure><artwork> Results</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {},
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_path_est_results.json",
  "properties": {
        "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
              "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" },
    "active_probe_results": {
      "properties": {
        "avg_tput_last_probe_duration_Mbps": {
              "maximum":100,
          "minimum": 1,
          "type": "number"
        }
      },
      "type": "object"
    },
    "connection_id": { "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id" },
    "init_probe_results": {
      "properties": {
                "lost_probes_percentage": {
                  "maximum": 100,
          "minimum": 1,
          "type": "integer"
        },
       "probe_rate_Mbps": {
          "maximum": 100,
          "minimum": 1,
          "type": "number"
        }
      },
      "type": "object"
    }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX SSID Indication">
      <figure><artwork> Indication</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
    "definitions": {},
    "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_ssid_indication.json",
    "properties": {
                "message_type" : {
                    "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
                "sequence_num" : {
                    "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
                "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "ssid_list": {
            "items": {
                      "properties" : {
                          "ssid_type": {
                              "$ref" : "definitions.json#/ssid_types" },
                                   "ssid_id" : {
                                       "type" : "integer"
                                   }
                          }
            },
            "type": "array"
        }
    },
    "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Measurement Configuration">
      <figure><artwork> Configuration</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "definitions" : {
        "meas_conf" : {
                "connection_id" : {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id" },
                "connection_type" : {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_type" },
                "meas_rep_conf" : {
                        "items" : {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/meas_report_conf" },
                        "type" : "array"
                }
        }
  },
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_measurement_conf.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "measurement_configuration" : {
                "items" : {"$ref" : "#definitions/meas_conf"},
                "type" : "array"
        }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Measurement Report">
      <figure><artwork> Report</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
"$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"definitions": {},
"id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_measurement_report.json",
"properties": {
            "message_type" : {
                "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
            "sequence_num" : {
                "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
            "version" : {
                "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
            "unique_session_id" : {
                "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" },
    "measurement_reports": {
        "items": {
            "properties": {
                "connection_id": {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id"
                },
                     "connection_type" : {
                         "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_type"
                                 },
                                 "delivery_node_id" : {
                                    "$ref" :
                                    "definitions.json#/delivery_node_id"
                                },
            "measurements": {
                "items": {
                    "properties": {
                        "measurement_type": {
                          "$ref" : "definitions.json#/meas_report_param"
                            },
                            "measurement_value": {
                                "type": "integer"
                            }
                         },
                         "type": "object"
                      },
                      "type": "array"
                  }
              },
              "type": "object"
          },
         "type": "array"
      }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Keep-Alive Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_keep_alive_req.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {
            "$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "keep_alive_reason" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/keep_alive_reason"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id"},
        "connection_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/connection_id"},
        "delivery_node_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/connection_id"}
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Keep-Alive Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_keep_alive_rsp.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id"}
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Session Termination Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_keep_alive_req.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" },
        "reason" : {
                "enum" : [
                        "MX_NORMAL_RELEASE",
                        "MX_NO_RESPONSE",
                        "INTERNAL_ERROR"
                ],
           "type" : "string"
        }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Session Termination Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_session_termination_resp.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Network Analytics Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_network_analytics_req.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "unique_session_id" : {
            "$ref": "definitions.json#/unique_session_id" },
        "params" : {
                "items" : {
                    "$ref": "definitions.json#/predict_param_name"},
                "type" : "array"
                }
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Network Analytics Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "definitions" : {
   "ParamPredictions" : {
    "param_name" : {"$ref" : "definitions.json#/predict_param_name"},
        "additional_param" : {
            "$ref" : "definitions.json#/predict_add_param_name"},
        "prediction" : { "type" : "integer" },
        "likelihood" : { "type" : "integer" },
 "validity_time" : { "type" : "integer" }

   },
   "MXAnalyticsList" : {
                "connection_id" : {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_id" },
                "connection_type" : {
                    "$ref" : "definitions.json#/connection_type" },
                "predictions " : {
                        "items" : {
                            "$ref" : "#definitions/ParamPredictions" },
                        "type" : "array"
                }
        }
  },
  "id": "https://www.ietf.org/mams/mx_network_analytics_resp.json",
  "properties": {
    "message_type" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/message_type_def"},
        "sequence_num" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/sequence_num_def"},
        "version" : {"$ref": "mx_base_def.json#/version_def"},
        "param_list" : {
                            "items" : {
                                "$ref": "#definitions/MXAnalyticsList"},
                            "type" : "array"}
  },
  "type": "object"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="Examples numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Examples in JSON"> JSON</name>
        <section title="MX Discover">
      <figure><artwork> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Discover</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_discover",
  "sequence_num" : 1
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX System Update">
      <figure><artwork> Update</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_system_info",
  "sequence_num" : 2,
  "ncm_connections" : [
                        {
                                "connection_id" : 0,
                                "connection_type" : "LTE",
                                "ncm_end_point" : {
                                        "ip_address" : "192.168.1.10",
                                        "port" : 1234
                                }
                        },
                        {
                                "connection_id" : 1,
                                "connection_type" : "Wi-Fi",
                                "ncm_end_point" : {
                                        "ip_address" : "192.168.1.10",
                                        "port" : 1234
                                }
                        }
        ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Capability Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_capability_req",
  "sequence_num" : 3,
  "feature_active" : [
                {
                        "feature_name" : "lossless_switching",
                        "active" : true
                },
                {
                        "feature_name" : "fragmentation",
                        "active" : false
                }
  ],
  "num_anchor_connections" : 2,
  "anchor_connections" : [
                {
                        "connection_id" : 0,
                        "connection_type" : "LTE"
                },
                {
                        "connection_id" : 1,
                        "connection_type" : "Wi-Fi"
                }
  ],
  "num_delivery_connections" : 2,
  "delivery_connections" : [
                {
                        "connection_id" : 0,
                        "connection_type" : "LTE"
                },
                {
                        "connection_id" : 1,
                        "connection_type" : "Wi-Fi"
                }
  ],
  "convergence_methods" : [
                {
                        "method" : "GMA",
                        "supported" : true
                },
                {
                        "method" : "MPTCP_Proxy",
                        "supported" : false
                }
  ],
  "adaptation_methods" : [
                {
                        "method" : "UDP_without_DTLS",
                        "supported" : false
                },
                {
                        "method" : "UDP_with_TLS",
                        "supported" : false
                },
                {
                        "method" : "IPsec",
                        "supported" : true
                },
                {
                        "method" : "Client_NAT",
                        "supported" : false
                }
  ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Capability Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_capability_resp",
  "sequence_num" : 3,
  "feature_active" : [
                {
                        "feature_name" : "lossless_switching",
                        "active" : true
                },
                {
                        "feature_name" : "fragmentation",
                        "active" : false
                }
  ],
  "num_anchor_connections" : 2,
  "anchor_connections" : [
                {
                        "connection_id" : 0,
                        "connection_type" : "LTE"
                },
                {
                        "connection_id" : 1,
                        "connection_type" : "Wi-Fi"
                }
  ],
  "num_delivery_connections" : 2,
  "delivery_connections" : [
                {
                        "connection_id" : 0,
                        "connection_type" : "LTE"
                },
                {
                        "connection_id" : 1,
                        "connection_type" : "Wi-Fi"
                }
  ],
  "convergence_methods" : [
                {
                        "method" : "GMA",
                        "supported" : true
                },
                {
                        "method" : "MPTCP_Proxy",
                        "supported" : false
                }
  ],
  "adaptation_methods" : [
                {
                        "method" : "UDP_without_DTLS",
                        "supported" : false
                },
                {
                        "method" : "UDP_with_TLS",
                        "supported" : false
                },
                {
                        "method" : "IPsec",
                        "supported" : true
                },
                {
                        "method" : "Client_NAT",
                        "supported" : false
                }
  ],
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  }
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Capability ACK">
      <figure><artwork> ACK</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_capability_ack",
  "sequence_num" : 3,
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  },
  "capability_ack" : "MX ACCEPT"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Reconfiguration Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_reconf_req",
  "sequence_num" : 4,
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  },
  "reconf_action" : "setup",
  "connection_id" : 0,
  "ip_address" : "192.168.110.1",
  "ssid" : "SSID_1",
  "mtu_size" : 1300,
  "connection_status" : "connected",
  "delivery_node_id" : "2A12C"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Reconfiguration Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_reconf_rsp",
  "sequence_num" : 4
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX UP Setup Configuration Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
    "version": "1.0",
    "message_type": "mx_up_setup_conf_req",
    "sequence_num": 5,
    "num_anchor_connections": 2,
    "anchor_connections": [{
            "connection_id": 1,
            "connection_type": "Wi-Fi",
            "num_active_mx_conf" : 2,
            "convergence_config" : [
            {
                "mx_configuration_id" : 1,
                "convergence_method": "GMA",
                "convergence_method_params": {},
                "num_delivery_connections": 2,
                "delivery_connections": [{
                        "connection_id": 0,
                        "connection_type": "LTE",
                        "adaptation_method": "UDP_without_DTLS",
                        "adaptation_method_param": {
                            "tunnel_ip_addr": "6.6.6.6",
                            "tunnel_end_port": 9999,
                            "mx_header_optimization": true
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        "connection_id": 1,
                        "connection_type": "Wi-Fi"
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "mx_configuration_id" : 2,
                "convergence_method": "GMA",
                "convergence_method_params": {},
                "num_delivery_connections": 1,
                "delivery_connections": [{
                        "connection_id": 0,
                        "connection_type": "LTE",
                        "adaptation_method": "UDP_without_DTLS",
                        "adaptation_method_param": {
                            "tunnel_ip_addr": "6.6.6.6",
                            "tunnel_end_port": 8877
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
            "connection_id": 0,
            "connection_type": "LTE",
            "udp_port": 8888,
            "num_delivery_connections": 2,
            "delivery_connections": [{
                    "connection_id": 0,
                    "connection_type": "LTE"
                },
                {
                    "connection_id": 1,
                    "connection_type": "Wi-Fi",
                    "adaptation_method": "UDP_without_DTLS",
                    "adaptation_method_param": {
                        "tunnel_ip_addr": "192.168.3.3",
                        "tunnel_end_port": "6000"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX UP Setup Confirmation">
      <figure><artwork> Confirmation</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_up_setup_cnf",
  "sequence_num" : 5,
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  },
  "probe_param" : {
       "probe_port" : 48700,
           "anchor_conn_id" : 0,
           "mx_configuration_id" : 1
  },
  "num_delivery_conn" : 2,
  "client_params" : [
                {
                        "connection_id" : 0,
                        "adapt_param" : {
                                "udp_adapt_port" : 51000
                        }
                },
                {
                        "connection_id" : 1,
                        "adapt_param" : {
                                "udp_adapt_port" : 52000
                        }
                }
  ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Traffic Steering Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_traffic_steering_req",
  "sequence_num" : 6,
  "connection_id" : 0,
  "mx_configuration_id" : 1,
  "downlink_delivery" : [
        {
                "connection_id" : 0
        },
        {
                "connection_id" : 1
        }
  ],
  "default_uplink_delivery" : 0,
  "uplink_delivery" : [
        {
                "ul_tft" : {
                        "remote_addr_mask" : "10.10.0.0/24",
                        "local_addr_mask" : "192.168.0.0/24",
                        "protocol_type" :  6,
                        "local_port_range" : {
                          "start" : 100,
                          "end" : 1000
                        },
                        "remote_port_range" : {
                                "start" : 100,
                                "end" : 1000
                        },
                        "traffic_class" : 20,
                        "flow_label" : 100
                },
                "conn_list" : [
                        {
                                "connection_id" : 1
                        }
                ]
        },
        {
                "ul_tft" : {
                        "remote_addr_mask" : "10.10.0.0/24",
                        "local_addr_mask" : "192.168.0.0/24",
                        "protocol_type" :  6,
                        "local_port_range" : {
                          "start" : 2000,
                          "end" : 2000
                        },
                        "remote_port_range" : {
                                "start" : 100,
                                "end" : 1000
                        },
                        "traffic_class" : 20,
                        "flow_label" : 50
                },
                "conn_list" : [
                        {
                                "connection_id" : 1
                        }
                ]
        }
  ],
  "feature_activation" : [
                {
                        "feature_name" : "dl_aggregation",
                        "active" : true
                },
                {
                        "feature_name" : "ul_aggregation",
                        "active" : false
                }
        ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <!-- [rfced] We changed this lone instance of "loca_port_range" to
"local_port_range".  Please let us know any concerns (e.g., if it is
unchangeable code).

Original:
 "loca_port_range" : {
   "start" : 100,
   "end" : 1000
 },

Currently:
 "local_port_range" : {
   "start" : 100,
   "end" : 1000
 }, -->
          <!-- [author1] Changes accepted with thanks. -->
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Traffic Steering Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "version": "1.0",
        "message_type": "mx_traffic_steering_rsp",
        "sequence_num": 6,
        "unique_session_id": {
                "ncm_id": 110,
                "session_id": 1111
        },
        "feature_activation": [{
                        "feature_name": "lossless_switching",
                        "active": true
                },
                {
                        "feature_name": "fragmentation",
                        "active": false
                }
        ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Application MADP Association Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "version": "1.0",
        "message_type": "mx_app_madp_assoc_req",
        "sequence_num": 6,
        "unique_session_id": {
                "ncm_id": 110,
                "session_id": 1111
        },
        "app_madp_assoc_list": [{
                        "connection_id" : 0,
"mx_configuration_id" : 1,
                        "ul_tft_list": [{
                                "protocol_type": 17,
                                "local_port_range": {
                                        "start": 8888,
                                        "end": 8888
                                }
                        }],
                        "dl_tft_list": [{
                                "protocol_type": 17,
                                "remote_port_range": {
                                        "start": 8888,
                                        "end": 8888
                                }
                        }]
                }
        ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Application MADP Association Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "version": "1.0",
        "message_type": "mx_app_madp_assoc_resp",
        "sequence_num": 6,
        "is_success": true
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Path Estimation Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_path_est_req",
  "sequence_num" : 7,
  "connection_id" : 0,
  "init_probe_test_duration_ms" : 100,
  "init_probe_test_rate_Mbps" : 10,
  "init_probe_size_bytes" : 1000,
  "init_probe_ack_req" : "yes",
  "active_probe_freq_ms" : 10000,
  "active_probe_size_bytes" : 1000,
  "active_probe_duration_sec" : 10,
  "active_probe_ack_req" : "no"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Path Estimation Results">
      <figure><artwork> Results</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_path_est_results",
  "sequence_num" : 8,
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  },
  "connection_id" : 0,
  "init_probe_results" : {
        "lost_probes_percentage" : 1,
        "probe_rate_Mbps" : 9.9
  },
  "active_probe_results" : {
        "avg_tput_last_probe_duration_Mbps" : 9.8
  }
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX SSID Indication">
      <figure><artwork> Indication</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "version" : "1.0",
        "message_type" : "mx_ssid_indication",
        "sequence_num" : 9,
        "ssid_list" : [
                {
                        "ssid_type" : "ssid",
                        "ssid_id" : "SSID_1"
                },
                {
                        "ssid_type" : "bssid",
                        "ssid_id" : "xxx-yyy"
                }
        ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Measurement Configuration">
      <figure><artwork> Configuration</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "version" : "1.0",
        "message_type" : "mx_measurement_conf",
        "sequence_num" : 10,
        "measurement_configuration" : [
        {
                "connection_id" : 0,
                "connection_type" : "Wi-Fi",
                "meas_rep_conf"  : [
                        {
                           "meas_rep_param" : "WLAN_RSSI",
                           "meas_threshold" : {
                                "high" : -10,
                                "low" : -15
                                },
                           "meas_period_ms" : 500
                        },
                        {
                           "meas_rep_param" : "WLAN_LOAD",
                           "meas_threshold" : {
                                "high" : -10,
                                "low" : -15
                                },
                           "meas_period_ms" : 500
                        },
                        {
                           "meas_rep_param" : "EST_UL_TPUT",
                           "meas_threshold" : {
                                "high" : 100,
                                "low" : 30
                                },
                           "meas_period_ms" : 500
                        }
                ]
        },
        {
                "connection_id" : 1,
                "connection_type" : "LTE",
                "meas_rep_conf"  : [
                        {
                           "meas_rep_param" : "LTE_RSRP",
                           "meas_threshold" : {
                                "high" : -10,
                                "low" : -15
                                },
                           "meas_period_ms" : 500
                        },
                        {
                           "meas_rep_param" : "LTE_RSRQ",
                           "meas_threshold" : {
                                "high" : -10,
                                "low" : -15
                                },
                           "meas_period_ms" : 500
                        }
                ]
        }
 ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Measurement Report">
      <figure><artwork> Report</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "version" : "1.0",
        "message_type" : "mx_measurement_report",
        "sequence_num" : 11,
        "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
    },
        "measurement_reports" : [
        {
                "connection_id" : 0,
                "connection_type" : "Wi-Fi",
                "delivery_node_id" : "2021A",
                "measurements"  : [
                        {
                           "measurement_type" : "WLAN_RSSI",
                           "measurement_value" : -12
                        },
                        {
                           "measurement_type" : "UL_TPUT",
                           "measurement_value" : 10
                        },
                        {
                           "measurement_type" : "EST_UL_TPUT",
                           "measurement_value" : 20
                        }
                ]
        },
        {
                "connection_id" : 1,
                "connection_type" : "LTE",
                "delivery_node_id" : "12323",
                "measurements"  : [
                        {
                           "measurement_type" : "LTE_RSRP",
                           "measurement_value" : -12

                        },
                        {
                           "measurement_type" : "LTE_RSRQ",
                           "measurement_value" : -12

                        }
                ]
        }
  ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Keep-Alive Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_keep_alive_req",
  "sequence_num" : 12,
  "keep_alive_reason" : "Handover",
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  },
  "connection_id" : 0,
  "delivery_node_id" : "2021A"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Keep-Alive Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_keep_alive_rsp",
  "sequence_num" : 12,
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  }
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Session Termination Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_session_termination_req",
  "sequence_num" : 13,
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  },
  "reason" : "MX_NORMAL_RELEASE"
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Session Termination Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
  "version" : "1.0",
  "message_type" : "mx_session_termination_resp",
  "sequence_num" : 13,
  "unique_session_id" : {
                "ncm_id" : 110,
                "session_id" : 1111
  }
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Network Analytics Request">
      <figure><artwork> Request</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
     "version" : "1.0",
     "message_type" : "mx_network_analytics_req",
     "sequence_num" : 20,
     "unique_session_id" : {
                   "ncm_id" : 110,
                   "session_id" : 1111
     },
     "params" : [
         "jitter",
         "latency"
         ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
          <!-- [rfced] Appendix C.4.23:  We changed this lone instance of
"parmas" to "params".  Please let us know any concerns.

Original:
 "parmas" : [

Currently:
 "params" : [ -->
          <!-- [author1] Changes accepted with thanks. -->
        </section>
        <section title="MX numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>MX Network Analytics Response">
      <figure><artwork> Response</name>
          <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
{
        "version": "1.0",
        "message_type": "mx_network_analytics_resp",
        "sequence_num": 20,
        "param_list": [{
                        "connection_id": 1,
                        "connection_type": "Wi-Fi",
                        "predictions": [{
                                        "param_name": "jitter",
                                        "prediction": 100,
                                        "likelihood": 50,
                                        "validity_time": 10
                                },
                                {
                                        "param_name": "latency",
                                        "prediction": 19,
                                        "likelihood": 40,
                                        "validity_time": 10
                                }
                        ]
                },
                {
                        "connection_id": 2,
                        "connection_type": "LTE",
                        "predictions": [{
                                        "param_name": "jitter",
                                        "prediction": 10,
                                        "likelihood": 80,
                                        "validity_time": 10
                                },
                                {
                                        "param_name": "latency",
                                        "prediction": 4,
                                        "likelihood": 60,
                                        "validity_time": 10
                                }
                        ]
                }
        ]
}
      </artwork></figure>
      ]]></artwork>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section title="Definition anchor="CCM_APP_APIs" numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Definition of APIs Provided by the CCM to the Applications at the Client " anchor="CCM_APP_APIs"> Client</name>
      <t>This section provides an example implementation of the APIs exposed by the CCM to
     the applications on the client, documented with OpenAPI using Swagger 2.0.</t>

  <figure><artwork>
      <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[

{
  "swagger": "2.0",
  "info": {
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "title": "Client Connection Manager (CCM)",
    "description": "API provided by the CCM towards the application
                    on a MAMS client."
  },
  "host": "MAMS.ietf.org",
  "basePath": "/ccm/v1.0",
  "schemes": [
    "https"
  ],
  "consumes": [
    "application/json"
  ],
  "produces": [
    "application/json"
  ],
  "paths": {
    "/capabilities": {
      "get": {
        "description": "This API can be used by an application to
                        request the capabilities of the CCM.",
        "produces": [
          "application/json",
          "text/html"
        ],
        "responses": {
          "200": {
            "description": "OK",
            "schema": {
              "$ref": "#/definitions/capability"
            }
          },
          "default": {
            "description": "unexpected error",
            "schema": {
              "$ref": "#/definitions/errorModel"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "/app_requirements": {
      "post": {
        "description": "This API is used by the N-MADP to report
                        any types of MAMS user-specific errors to
                        the NCM.",
        "produces": [
          "application/json",
          "text/html"
        ],
        "parameters": [
          {
            "name": "app-requirements",
            "in": "body",
            "required": true,
            "schema": {
              "$ref": "#/definitions/app-requirements"
            }
          }
        ],
        "responses": {
          "200": {
            "description": "OK"
          },
          "default": {
            "description": "unexpected error",
            "schema": {
              "$ref": "#/definitions/errorModel"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "/predictive_link_params": {
      "get": {
        "description": "This API is used by applications to get the
                        information about predicted parameters for
                        each delivery connection.",
        "produces": [
          "application/json",
          "text/html"
        ],
        "responses": {
          "200": {
            "description": "OK",
            "schema": {
              "$ref": "#/definitions/link-params"
            }
          },
          "default": {
            "description": "unexpected error",
            "schema": {
              "$ref": "#/definitions/errorModel"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "definitions": {
    "connection-id": {
      "type": "integer",
      "format": "uint8"
    },
    "connection-type": {
      "enum": [
        "Wi-Fi",
        "5G NR",
        "MulteFire",
        "LTE"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "features": {
      "enum": [
        "lossless_switching",
        "fragmentation",
        "concatenation",
        "uplink_aggregation",
        "downlink_aggregation",
        "measurement"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "adaptation-methods": {
      "enum": [
        "UDP_without_DTLS",
        "UDP_with_DTLS",
        "IPsec",
        "Client_NAT"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "convergence-methods": {
      "enum": [
        "GMA",
        "MPTCP_Proxy",
        "GRE_Aggregation_Proxy",
        "MPQUIC"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "connection": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "conn-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/connection-id"
        },
        "conn-type": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/connection-type"
        }
      }
    },
    "convergence-parameters": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "conv-param-name": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "conv-param-value": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      }
    },
    "convergence-details": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "conv-method": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/convergence-methods"
        },
        "conv-params": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/convergence-parameters"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "capability": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "connections": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/connection"
          }
        },
        "features": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/features"
          }
        },
        "adapt-methods": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/adaptation-methods"
          }
        },
        "conv-methods": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/convergence-details"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "qos-param-name": {
      "enum": [
        "jitter",
        "latency",
        "bandwidth"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "qos-param": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "qos-param-name": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/qos-param-name"
        },
        "qos-param-value": {
          "type": "integer"
        }
      }
    },
    "port-range": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "start": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "end": {
          "type": "integer"
        }
      }
    },
    "protocol-type": {
      "type": "integer"
    },
    "stream-features": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "proto": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/protocol-type"
        },
        "port-range": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/port-range"
        },
        "traffic-qos": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/qos-param"
        }
      }
    },
    "app-requirements": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "num-streams": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "stream-feature": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/stream-features"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "param-name": {
      "enum": [
        "bandwidth",
        "jitter",
        "latency",
        "signal_quality"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "additional-param-name": {
      "enum": [
        "lte-rsrp",
        "lte-rsrq",
        "nr-rsrp",
        "nr-rsrq",
        "wifi-rssi"
      ],
      "type": "string"
    },
    "link-parameter": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "connection": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/connection"
        },
        "param": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/param-name"
        },
        "additional-param": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/additional-param-name"
        },
        "prediction": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "likelihood": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "validity_time": {
          "type": "integer"
        }
      }
    },
    "link-params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "$ref": "#/definitions/link-parameter"
      }
    },
    "errorModel": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Error indication containing the error code and
                      message.",
      "required": [
        "code",
        "message"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "code": {
          "type": "integer",
          "format": "int32"
        },
        "message": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
  </artwork></figure>
  ]]></artwork>
      <!-- [rfced] Appendix D:  Should "lte-rspq" be "lte-rsrq" here?

Original:
 "lte-rspq", -->
      <!-- [author1] Correct - fixed the typo -->
    </section>
    <section title="Implementation numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Implementation Example Using Python for MAMS Client and Server"> Server</name>
      <section title="Client-Side Implementation"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Client-Side Implementation</name>
        <t>A simple client-side implementation using Python can be as follows:</t>

       <figure><artwork>
        <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
#!/usr/bin/env python
import asyncio
import websockets
import json
import ssl
import time
import sys

context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS)
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
context.set_ciphers("RSA")
context.check_hostname = False
context.load_verify_locations("/home/mecadmin/certs/rootca.pem")

discoverMsg = {'version':'1.0',
'message_type':'mx_discover'}

MXCapabilityRes = {'version':'1.0',
'message_type':'mx_capability_res',
'FeatureActive':[{'feature_name':'fragmentation', 'active':'yes'},
    {'feature_name':'lossless_switching', 'active':'yes'}],
'num_anchor_connections':1,
'anchor_connections':[{'connection_id':0, 'connection_type':'LTE'}],
'num_delivery_connections':1,
'delivery_connections':[{'connection_id':1, 'connection_type':"Wi-Fi"}],
'convergence_methods':[{'method':'GMA', 'supported':'true'}],
'adaptation_methods':[{'method':'client_nat', 'supported':'false'}]
}

async def hello():
    async with websockets.connect('wss://localhost:8765', ssl=context)
       as websocket:
     try:
      loopFlag=False
      while True:
          await websocket.send(json.dumps(discoverMsg))
          json_message = await websocket.recv()
          message = json.loads(json_message)
          if "message_type" in message.keys():
            print("Received message:{}".format(message["message_type"]),
               "version:{}".format(message["version"]))
            if message["message_type"] == "mx_capability_req" :
                await websocket.send(json.dumps(MXCapabilityRes))
                loopFlag=True
                while(loopFlag==True):
                      pass
     except:
          print("Client stopped")

asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(hello())
       </artwork></figure>
       ]]></artwork>
        <!-- [rfced] Appendices E.1 and E.2:  We changed "Recieved" to
"Received" in these print() calls.  Please let us know any objections.

Original:
 print("Recieved message:{}".format(message["message_type"]), ...
...
 print("Recieved message:{}".format(msg["message_type"]), ...

Currently:
 print("Received message:{}".format(message["message_type"]),
...
 print("Received message:{}".format(msg["message_type"]), -->
        <!-- [author1] Changes accepted with thanks. -->
      </section>
      <section title="Server-Side Implementation"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Server-Side Implementation</name>
        <t>A server-side implementation using Python can be as follows:</t>
        <!-- [rfced] Appendix E.2:  We changed "server client side
implementation" to "server-side implementation" per the title
of this appendix.  Please let us know if this is incorrect.

Original:
 A server client side implementation using python can be as following:

Currently:
 A server-side implementation using Python can be as follows: -->
        <!-- [author1] Changes accepted with thanks.-->

    <figure><artwork>
        <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
#!/usr/bin/env python
import asyncio
import websockets
import json
import ssl

ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS)
#ctx.set_ciphers("RSA-AES256-SHA")
ctx.load_verify_locations("/home/mecadmin/certs/rootca.pem")
certfile = "/home/mecadmin/certs/server.pem"
keyfile = "/home/mecadmin/certs/serverkey.pem"
ctx.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, password=None)

MXCapabilityReq = {'version':'1.0',
'message_type':'mx_capability_req',
'FeatureActive':[{'feature_name':'fragmentation', 'active':'yes'},
    {'feature_name':'lossless_switching', 'active':'yes'}],
'num_anchor_connections':1,
'anchor_connections':[{'connection_id':0, 'connection_type':'LTE'}],
'num_delivery_connections':1,
'delivery_connections':[{'connection_id':1, 'connection_type':"Wi-Fi"}],
'convergence_methods':[{'method':'GMA', 'supported':'true'}],
'adaptation_methods':[{'method':'client_nat', 'supported':'false'}]
}

async def hello(websocket, path):
 try:
   while True:
     name = await websocket.recv()
     msg = json.loads(name)
     if "message_type" in msg.keys():
        print("Received message:{}".format(msg["message_type"]),
           "version:{}".format(msg["version"]))
        if msg['message_type'] == 'mx_discover':
           await websocket.send(json.dumps(MXCapabilityReq))

 except:
      print("Client disconnected")

try:
 start_server = websockets.serve(hello, 'localhost', 8765,ssl=ctx)

 asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(start_server)
 asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()
except:
 print("Server stopped")

    </artwork></figure>

    ]]></artwork>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section title="Acknowledgments" numbered="no"> numbered="false" toc="default">
      <name>Acknowledgments</name>
      <t>This protocol is the outcome of work by many engineers, not just the authors
     of this document. The people who contributed to this project,
     listed in alphabetical order by first name, are Barbara Orlandi, Bongho Kim,
     David Lopez-Perez, Doru Calin, Jonathan Ling, Lohith Nayak, and Michael Scharf.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Contributors" numbered="no"> numbered="false" toc="default">
      <name>Contributors</name>
      <t>The authors gratefully acknowledge the following additional contributors,
     in alphabetical order by first name: A Krishna Pramod/Nokia Bell Labs, Hannu
     Flinck/Nokia Bell Labs, Hema Pentakota/Nokia, Nurit Sprecher/Nokia, Salil
     Agarwal/Nokia, Shuping Peng/Huawei, and
     Subramanian Vasudevan/Nokia Bell Labs.  Subramanian Vasudevan has been instrumental in
     conceptualization and development of solution principles for the MAMS
     framework.  Shuping Peng has been a key contributor in refining the
     framework and control&nbhy;plane protocol aspects.</t>
      <!-- [author1] Corrected the name (order of "first name" and "last name") of contributing author Subramanian Vasudevan,
and updated affiliations for Hannu Flinck and A Krishna Pramod -->
      <!-- [rfced-auth48]  Authors and *[ISE]:  We changed "Contributing
Authors" to "Contributors" per Section 4.1.1 of RFC 7322 ("RFC Style
Guide") and https://www.rfc-editor.org/old/policy.html ("Authors vs.
Contributors" and "Author Overload").  Please let us know any
concerns. -->
      <!-- [author1] OK. -->
    </section>
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Please let us know if any changes are needed for the
following:

a) The following terms were used inconsistently in this document.
We chose to use the latter forms.  Please let us know any objections.

 acknowledgement / acknowledgment (in text only - not in code, i.e.,
   the two instances of "capability_acknowledgement" are left as is)
-->
    <!-- [author1] Made changes in code as well to be consistent - "acknowledgment" is used at all places now.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] keep alive / keep-alive (used generally)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] IPSec* / IPsec (per our style guidelines)
    * Note:  Please let us know if the instances of "IPSec" in the
      code in Appendices C and D cannot be modified; if that is the
      case, we will revert those changes.
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. "IPsec" is correct
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Client (used generally; 5 instances in text) /
   client (used generally; approx. 95 instances in text)
   (Also, we see the lowercase form "server" used in text)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] a MX / an MX (per post-6000  published RFCs, except for RFC 6672)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] initialization phase / Initialization phase (in text)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MX Reconfiguration REQ Message / MX Reconfiguration REQ message
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. We also found some other message types where "Message" was capitalised, and we fixed them.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MX control PDU / MX Control PDU (in text)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] active phase / Active phase (in text)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Spacing:  { 'version':'1.0', / {'version':'1.0',
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] b) The following terms appear to be used inconsistently in this
document.  Please let us know which form is preferred.

 N+MADP (4 instances - Figures 6, 20, 21, and 22) /
   N-MADP (57 instances)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed all to N-MADP
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] capability phase / capability exchange phase
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Access Link / access link (in text)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. The remaining occurrences of "Access Link" are either in titles or as parameter definitions and should remain capitalised.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] convergence layer / Convergence layer / Convergence Layer (in text)**
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed to all be capitalised.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] convergence sublayer / Convergence sublayer /
   Convergence Sublayer (in text)**
-->
    <!-- [author1] See next point.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] ** Are "convergence layer" and "convergence sublayer" the same thing,
   or different entities?  We ask because we see
   "It consists of the following two Sublayers" in Section 7.2.
-->
    <!-- [author1] Sublayer and Layer are same - thanks for catching the inconsistency - have fixed it, and used "Layer" at all places.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] adaptation layer / Adaptation layer / Adaptation Layer (in text)***
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed to all be capitalised.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] adaptation sublayer / Adaptation Sublayer***
-->
    <!-- [author1] See next point.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] *** Are "adaptation layer" and "adaptation sublayer" the same thing,
    or different entities?  As noted above, we ask because of
    "It consists of the following two Sublayers" in Section 7.2.
-->
    <!-- [author1] Sublayer and Layer are same - thanks for catching the inconsistency - have fixed it, and used "Layer" at all places.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MX Adaptation (layer or sublayer)?  "MX Adaptation can be
   implemented ..."  Should this be followed by the word "layer"
   or "sublayer"?
-->
    <!-- [author1] Fixed - It should be Adaptation Layer.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MPTCP Proxy / MPTCP proxy
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed in text. Retained "Proxy" in parameter definitions.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Active Probe Results Configuration / Active Probe Results configuration
-->
    <!-- [author1] There is one instance (section 8.6) of this, in the parameter definition. It seems ok to leave the capitalization "Configuration" as it is.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MuLTEfire / MulteFire
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] 2: Multi-Fire; (1 instance) / 2: MulteFire; (8 instances)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] SYSTEM INFO / System INFO / System Info
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MX Discovery Message / MX Discover Message /
   MX Discover message (in text)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. The message name is "MX Discover" - this has been made consistent now across the document.
     And 'message' is lower case.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MAMS Control Message / MAMS Control message /
   MAMS control message (in text)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Fixed at remaining places as well to consistently use "MAMS control message"
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] CAPABILITY REQ / Capability REQ
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] RECONFIGURATION REQ / Reconfiguration REQ
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] RECONF[ONF]IGURATION RSP / Reconfiguration RSP (spelling has been
   corrected)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] setup request / Setup Request
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Actually change done (by RFCED) is the other way round "Setup Request => setup request", but that is OK as well.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MX UP SETUP CFG (1 instance) / MX UP Setup Config (4 instances)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] MX UP SETUP CNF (1 instance) / MX UP Setup CNF (3 instances)
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Probe REQ ("Probe REQ/ACK") / Probe-REQ ("Probe-REQ/ACK")
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] traffic Template / traffic template / Traffic Template****

 traffic flow template / Traffic Flow Template****

 **** Does "the flow template" mean "the traffic template,"
      "the TFT," or something else?
-->
    <!-- [author1] traffic template is same as Traffic Flow Template or TFT. Made changes to consistently use "Traffic Flow Template"
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] id / Id / ID (e.g., "Connection ID," "connection ID,"
   "Connection Id," "Connection id," "connection Id,"
   "connection id," "Delivery connection id,"
   "delivery node id," "Wi-Fi AP Id,"
   "Wi-Fi Access Point Id," "MADP instance ID,"
   "MADP Instance ID," "NCM id," "session id"
   "unique session id," "Unique Session Id,"
   "Anchor Connection ID," "Anchor connection Id,"
   "MX Configuration ID," "MX Configuration Id,"
   "configuration id"
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed to "ID".
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Ack / ACK (e.g., "Probe Ack," "Probe ACK"
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed to use "ACK" consistently.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] "wifi" / "wi-fi" (e.g., "connection_type" : "wi-fi",
   "connection_type" : "wifi")
-->
    <!-- [author1] OK. Changed to use "Wi-Fi" consistently.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Spacing before "<1" (yes, no, or doesn't matter?):  For example:
    NCMConnection items<1..*>;
     JSONNumber connection_id <1..*>;
-->
    <!-- [author1] Changed to use space before "<1" consistently.
-->
    <!-- [rfced-auth48] Path Estimation Report (message) / Path Estimation Results (message)
-->
    <!-- [author1] Changed to use "Path Estimation Results" consistently.
-->
  </back>
</rfc>